中級美國英語時間從句/ 抽煙與戒煙
一.本課要點及示例
在這一課里,我們一方面復(fù)習(xí)用when, w-h-e-n, when, before, b-e-f-o-r-e, before,since, s-i-n-c-e, since 等等介詞開頭, 用來表明時間的從句, 一方面復(fù)習(xí)以前學(xué)過的一些動詞詞組, 同時我們要學(xué)一學(xué)有關(guān)抽煙,戒煙的一些詞匯.
首先我們來聽今天這一課的對話,內(nèi)容是說鮑勃告訴珍妮他想戒煙. 請你注意聽兩位英文老師的發(fā)音和語調(diào).
M: Jenny, I'm going to stop smoking when I finish this pack of cigarettes.
F: Good for you, Bob, but why are you telling me?
M: To help me stop. When I tell all my friends, then I won't dare to smoke in front of them.
F: Why do you want to quit? I thought you liked to smoke.
M: I do. But it's getting so expensive. And now that I'm jogging, when I run, I can hardly breathe
F: I'll help you quit. Whenever you want a cigarette, call me and I'll take your mind off it.
M: Thanks, Jenny, I'll do it.
F: Bob, why don't you stop now? You don't have to smoke the rest of that pack.
M: I just bought it. I don't want to waste my money. I'll call you tomorrow.
下面老師用慢速度再把整段對話念一遍.
M: Jenny, I'm going to stop smoking when I finish this pack of cigarettes.
F: Good for you, Bob, but why are you telling me?
M: To help me stop. When I tell all my friends, then I won't dare to smoke in front of them.
F: Why do you want to quit? I thought you liked to smoke.
M: I do. But it's getting so expensive. And now that I'm jogging, when I run, I can hardly breathe
F: I'll help you quit. Whenever you want a cigarette, call me and I'll take your mind off it.
M: Thanks, Jenny, I'll do it.
F: Bob, why don't you stop now? You don't have to smoke the rest of that pack.
M: I just bought it. I don't want to waste my money. I'll call you tomorrow.
現(xiàn)在我把對話里包含時間從句的句子挑出來, 請老師再念一遍給你聽.
M: I'm going to stop smoking when I finish this pack of cigarettes.
M: When I tell all my friends, then I won't dare to smoke in front of them.
M: When I run, I can hardly breathe.
F: Whenever you want a cigarette call me.
二.表明時間從句的介詞
現(xiàn)在我們開始作練習(xí). 第一組練習(xí)是說鮑勃什么時候抽煙, 練習(xí)的作法是老師念一個句子, 接著老師念一個詞或是詞組, 比方 "緊張" nervous, "在指定地區(qū)" in the designated area 等等, 學(xué)生就把他聽到的詞組代換到原來的句子里. 在學(xué)生作練習(xí)的時候請你也一起作.
M: Bob smokes when he is studying for the exams.
M: nervous
F: Bob smokes when he is nervous.
M: in the designated area
F: Bob smokes when he is in the designated area.
M: watching television
F: Bob smokes when he is watching television.
下面一組練習(xí)是說鮑勃什么時候不抽煙, 比方在跑步的時候, 在禁煙地區(qū)的時候等等. 請你跟剛才一樣作練習(xí).
M: Bob doesn't smoke when he is in a theatre.
M: on a bus
F: Bob doesn't smoke when he is on a bus.
M: jogging
F: Bob doesn't smoke when he is jogging.
M: in a restricted area
F: Bob doesn't smoke when he is in a restricted area.
下面我們作一組綜合練習(xí), 用許多不同介詞作表明時間的從句, 同時我們也要復(fù)習(xí)一些跟動名詞一起用的動詞詞組, 比方 take up, keep on, give up 等等. 練習(xí)的內(nèi)容也都跟鮑勃抽煙有關(guān)系. 請你注意聽老師問問題, 并且根據(jù)問題作肯定的答覆. 每回答一句老師就會念正確答案給你聽.
M: Did Bob take up smoking after he went to high school?
F: Yes, he took up smoking after he went to high school.
M: Has he kept on smoking ever since he was 15?
F: Yes, he has kept on smoking ever since he was 15.
M: Has he considered quitting smoking since he got back from China?
F: Yes, he has considered quitting smoking since he got back from China.
M: Did he tell Jenny his plan when he saw her?
F: Yes, he told her his plan when he saw her.
M: Was he smoking while he was talking to Jenny?
F: Yes, he was smoking while he was talking to her.
M: Did he say that he would give up smoking when he finished his last pack of cigarettes?
F: Yes, he said that he would give up smoking when he finished his last pack of cigarettes.
下面我們再用同樣方式作一組練習(xí)復(fù)習(xí)動詞詞組和表明時間的從句. 練習(xí)的內(nèi)容是說鮑勃的父親在得肺癌之前老是抽雪茄, 后來住院的時候戒了, 出院以后又改抽煙斗的事情. 請你根據(jù)問題作肯定的答覆. 回答之后請你聽老師念正確答案.
M: Did Bob's father use to smoke cigars before he got lung cancer?
F: Yes, he used to smoke cigars before he got lung cancer.
M: Did he try to put it off when he was told to quit?
F: Yes, he tried to put it off when he was told to quit.
M: Did he finally give up smoking cigars when he was in the hospital?
F: Yes, he finaliy gave up smoking cigars when he was in the hospital.
M: Did he look forward to smoking whenever he saw other people smoke?
F: Yes, he looked forward to smoking whenever he saw other people smoke.
M: Did he take up pipe smoking soon after he got out of the hospital?
F: Yes, he took up pipe smoking soon after he got out of the hospital.
M: Did he keep on smoking until the day he died?
F: Yes, he kept on smoking until the day he died.
下面我們再練習(xí)說明時間的從句. 練習(xí)的作法是老師用 when 提出一個 過去時態(tài)問題,比方"美國印地安人是什么時候開始種煙草的?"When did American Indians start growing tobacco? 然后老師說: "哥倫布到美洲大陸以前" before Columbus came to America, 你就回答說: They started growing tobacco before Columbus came to America. 老師也可能用 how long 提出現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)問題,比方"煙草工業(yè)對美國經(jīng)濟(jì)具有重要性已經(jīng)有多久了?" How long has the tobacco industry been important for America's economy? 然后老師說:"自從殖民地時代農(nóng)民種植煙草外銷以來" ever since colonial farmers grew tobacco for export.你就回答說:It has been important for America's economy ever since colonial farmers grew tobacco for export. 這組練習(xí)的內(nèi)容跟美國煙草工業(yè)和美國人抽煙的情況有關(guān)系, 比方人們發(fā)現(xiàn)了某些疾病跟抽煙有關(guān)連以后, 香煙公司就開始賣有過濾嘴的香煙, 而政府也制定了一些有關(guān)抽煙的法規(guī)等等. 在這組練習(xí)里你可以學(xué)到一些有用的詞匯, 比方 "降低" decline, "制定"institute, "法規(guī)" regulation, "主要" major, "目標(biāo)"aim, "牌子"brand,"過濾嘴"filter, "疾病"ailment等等. 這組練習(xí)比較難, 請你在回答問題之前特別注意聽,每回答一句, 老師就會念出正確答案給你聽.
M: When did American Indians start growing tobacco?
M: before Columbus came to America
F: They started growing tobacco before Columbus came to America.
M: How long has the American tobacco industry been large?
M: ever since colonial farmers grew tobacco in large quantities
F: It has been large ever since colonial farmers grew tobacco in large quantities.
M: How long has the tobacco industry been important for America's economy?
M: ever since colonial farmers grew tobacco for export
F: It has been important for America's economy ever since colonial farmers grew tobacco for export.
M: How long has cigarette smoking been popular in the U.S.?
M: since the 1800's
F: It has been popular in the U.S.since the 1800's.
M: When did the tobacco industry begin selling different brands of cigarettes?
M: When cigarettes smoking became popular
F: It began selling different brands of cigarettes when cigarette smoking became popular.
M: When did the tobacco industry begin selling cigarettes with filters?
M: after ailments were linked to smoking.
F: It began selling cigarettes with filters after ailments were linked to smoking.
M: How long has cigarette smoking been expensive?
M: since taxes on cigarettes were increased in the 1970's
F: It has been expensive since taxes on cigarettes were increased in the 1970's.
M: How long has physical fitness been a major aim of millions of Americans?
M: since the late 1970's
F: It has been a major aim of millions of Americans since the late 1970's.
M: When were regulations on cigarette smoking instituted?
M: after smoking was found to be dangerous to health
F: They were instituted after smoking was found to be dangerous to health.
M: When did the number of smokers start to decline?
M: after people were warned that smoking was dangerous to health
F: The number started to decline after people were warned that smoking was dangerous to health.
三.聽短文回答問題
今天我們要聽的文章簡單說到美國煙草工業(yè)的歷史, 同時也談到在美國人們因為注重健康而避免抽煙的趨勢. 文章里許多詞匯都是我們剛才練習(xí)過的.
現(xiàn)在請你注意聽.
American Indians grew and smoked tobacco before Columbus came to America. The tobacco industry has been large and important for America's economy ever since colonial farmers grew tobacco for export 300 years ago. Even today tobacco is grown in large quantities along America's Eastern Coast. Since the 1800's the most common form of smoking tobacco is in cigarettes. Men and women of all ages smoke cigarettes and there are dozens of brands sold in the U.S. Nearly all cigarettes now sold have filters. Pipe smoking has some popularity and cigars are usually only smoked by older men. Over the past fifteen years, many people have stopped smoking. This movement away from cigarettes began when lung cancer and other ailments were linked to smoking. In the 1970's when taxes on cigarettes were greatly increased, cigarette smoking became much more expensive. Since the late 1970's physical fitness has become a major aim of millions of Americans. These three factors have been the major causes for many people to stop smoking. Today in the U.S. cigarette smoking is restricted in many ways. When smokers are in restaurants, on trains and in public buildings, they may smoke only in designated areas. When they are on public buses, in theaters and in classrooms, they may not smoke at all. Cigarettes are not advertised on television or radio. A notice is on every package of cigarettes sold in America warning that smoking is dangerous to health. These regulations have reduced cigarette smoking very much since they were instituted. Smoking is on the decline.
現(xiàn)在老師先把今天測驗的三個問題念一遍給你聽.
第一個問題是:
M: How is tobacco smoked in the U.S.?
第二個問題是:
M: What has caused many Americans to stop smoking?
第三個問題是:
M: What are some of the regulations on smoking in the U.S.?
現(xiàn)在老師用慢速度再把整篇文章念一遍給你聽.
American Indians grew and smoked tobacco before Columbus came to America. The tobacco industry has been large and important for America's economy ever since colonial farmers grew tobacco for export 300 years ago. Even today tobacco is grown in large quantities along America's Eastern Coast. Since the 1800's the most common form of smoking tobacco is in cigarettes. Men and women of all ages smoke cigarettes and there are dozens of brands sold in the U.S. Nearly all cigarettes now sold have filters. Pipe smoking has some popularity and cigars are usually only smoked by older men. Over the past fifteen years, many people have stopped smoking. This movement away from cigarettes began when lung cancer and other ailments were linked to smoking. In the 1970's when taxes on cigarettes were greatly increased, cigarette smoking became much more expensive. Since the late 1970's physical fitness has become a major aim of millions of Americans. These three factors have been the major causes for many people to stop smoking. Today in the U.S. cigarette smoking is restricted in many ways. When smokers are in restaurants, on trains and in public buildings, they may smoke only in designated areas. When they are on public buses, in theaters and in classrooms, they may not smoke at all. Cigarettes are not advertised on television or radio. A notice is on every package of cigarettes sold in America warning that smoking is dangerous to health. These regulations have reduced cigarette smoking very much since they were instituted. Smoking is on the decline.
現(xiàn)在請你回答你剛才聽過的三個問題. 每回答一個問題, 老師就會念出正確答案給你聽.
第一個問題是:
M: How is tobacco smoked in the U.S.?
F: Tobacco is smoked in cigarettes, cigars and pipes.
第二個問題是:
M: What has caused many Americans to stop smoking?
F: Ailments, taxes on cigarettes and physical fitness have caused many Americans to stop smoking.
第三個問題是:
M: What are some of the regulations on smoking in the U.S.?
F: Smokers can only smoke in designated areas. Cigarettes are not advertised on television or radio and people are warned that smoking is dangerous to health.
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