中級美國英語where和 when引導(dǎo)的定語從句
一.本課要點及示例
在這一課里, 我們學(xué)習(xí)用 where, w-h-e-r-e, where, whom, w-h-o-m, whom 和 , w-h-e-n, when 作短句. 這些短句在句子里分別說明地點, 人物和時間.現(xiàn)在我們來聽彼得和瑪麗兩人之間的一段對話.這段對話包含了我剛才提到的三種短句的用法. 請你注意聽兩位英文老師的發(fā)音和語調(diào).
F: Are you going anywhere on vacation this summer?
M: Yes, we're going back to a national park in California where we went camping last summer.
F: How nice! We're going to California too.
M: Are you going to the resort where you used to go on vacation?
F: Yes, and we're going to visit people whom we met there before.
M: When are you coming back?
F: I don't know the exact date; but I'll call you on the day when I get home.
現(xiàn)在我請英文老師用慢速度再把整段對話念一遍.
F: Are you going anywhere on vacation this summer?
M: Yes, we're going back to a national park in California where we went camping last summer.
F: How nice! We're going to California too.
M: Are you going to the resort where you used to go on vacation?
F: Yes, and we're going to visit people whom we met there before.
M: When are you coming back?
F: I don't know the exact date; but I'll call you on the day when I get home.
下面英文老師再把對話里包含了我們今天要學(xué)的語法的句子挑出來念給你聽.
M: We're going back to a national park in California where we went camping last summer.
M: Are you going to the resort where you used to go on vacation?
F: We're going to visit people whom we met there before.
F: I'll call you on the day when I get home.
二.WHERE
聽了上面的句子你可能已經(jīng)注意到說明地點, 人物和時間的短句都出現(xiàn)在它們所修飾的詞后面. 比方有一句話: " 彼得要到一個風(fēng)景區(qū)去 ", 這句話英文可以這樣說: Peter is going to a scenic area. 可是這究竟是一個什么樣的風(fēng)景區(qū)呢? 為了加以說明, 我們可以用一個以 where, w-h-e-r-e, where 開頭的短句加以修飾, 比方: "他可以搭帳篷的風(fēng)景區(qū)" a scenic area where he can set up his tent 所以整句話就是: Peter is going to a scenic area where he can set up his tent.
現(xiàn)在我們來作一組代換練習(xí). 老師先說: a national park where he can relax, "一個他可以去調(diào)劑身心的國家公園 ", 接著老師說: "找到許多植物" find many plants, 學(xué)生就把老師提出的字或詞代換到短句里念出來,答案就是:a national park where he can find many plants. 現(xiàn)在我們開始作練習(xí). 學(xué)生作的時候請你也一起作.
M: a national park where he can relax
M: go camping
F: a national park where he can go camping
M: set up his tent
F: a national park where he can set up his tent
M: go fishing
F: a national park where he can go fishing
M: go hiking
F: a national park where he can go hiking
M: go swimming
F: a national park where he can go swimming
M: find many plants
F: a national park where he can find many plants
剛才那組練習(xí)里的短句都是用來說明彼得所向往的國家公園. 下面一組練習(xí)是說彼得要去的地方,比方 "一個他可以用電的露營區(qū)" A camping area where he can have electricity, "一個他可以釣魚的湖" a lake where he can go fishing 等等.我們還是以代換方式作這組練習(xí),每作完一句就請你聽老師念正確答案
M: Peter is going to a national park where he can go camping.
M: a scenic area where he can set up his tent
F: Peter is going to a scenic area where he can set up his tent.
M: a camping area where he can have electricity
F: Peter is going to a camping area where he can have electricity.
M: a lake where he can go fishing
F: Peter is going to a lake where he can go fishing.
M: a forest where he can find many plants
F: Peter is going to a forest where he can find many plants.
M: a mountain where he can go hiking
F: Peter is going to a mountain where he can go hiking.
M: a place where he can relax
F: Peter is going to a place where he can relax.
三.WHOM
下面我們來練習(xí)用 whom, w-h-o-m, whom 作修飾人物的短句. 另外有一個疑問詞 who, w-h-o, who 也可以用來作短句修飾人物. 這兩個字意思相同但是用法不同. 簡單地說 who, w-h-o, who 代表主語, 比方認識瑪麗的人 who knows Mary. 喜歡瑪麗的人 who likes Mary 等等; 而 whom, w-h-o-m, whom 代表賓語,比方瑪麗認識的人whom Mary knows, 瑪麗喜歡的人 whom Mary likes 等等. 目前在一般談話里代表賓語的 whom 已經(jīng)慢慢被淘汰, 但是在文章或是演講里仍然還用這個字.
下面我們來作代換練習(xí), 學(xué)學(xué)用 whom 開頭的短句形容瑪麗的朋友, 比方她去年看到的朋友; 跟她一起旅行的朋友; 跟她交談的朋友等等. 在學(xué)生作練習(xí)的時候請你也一起作
M: friends whom Mary met last year
M: saw last summer
F: friends whom Mary saw last summer
M: likes very much
F: friends whom Mary likes very much
M: travelled with
F: friends whom Mary travelled with
M: chatted with
F: friends whom Mary chatted with
M: knew many years ago
F: friends whom Mary knew many years ago
下面一組練習(xí)是由老師問你一個問題, 比方 "瑪麗要去探望誰? " who is Mary going to visit? 接著老師說: "她去年看到的朋友" friends whom she saw last year, 所以答案就是: Mary is going to visit friends whom she saw last year. 這組練習(xí)的內(nèi)容都是說到瑪麗在商業(yè)旅游區(qū)的各種活動. 現(xiàn)在我們開始作練習(xí).
M: Who is Mary going to visit?
M: friends whom she saw last year
F: Mary is going to visit friends whom she saw last year.
M: Who is Mary going to have dinner with?
M: people whom she met last summer
F: Mary is going to have dinner with people whom she met last summer.
M: Who is Mary going fishing with?
M: a friend whom she likes very much
F: Mary is going fishing with a friend whom she likes very much.
M: Who is Mary going hiking with?
M: someone whom she has known for a long time
F: Mary is going hiking with someone whom she has known for a long time.
M: who is Mary going to play tennis with?
M: someone whom she travels with
F: Mary is going to play tennis with someone whom she travels with.
現(xiàn)在我們再來學(xué)習(xí)用 whom 作短句.下面一組練習(xí)是由老師念兩個句子, 比方:"瑪麗跟人們交談" Mary chatted with people. 跟 "她去年認識他們" She met them last year. 請你把第二句話改成用 whom 開頭的短句, 用來修飾第一句話里的 "人們" , 所以答案就是: 瑪麗跟她去年認識的人們交談. Mary chatted with people whom she met last year.這組練習(xí)的內(nèi)容也都是有關(guān)瑪麗在商業(yè)旅游區(qū)的活動. 現(xiàn)在我們開始作練習(xí), 每作完一句還是請你聽正確答案.
M: Mary chatted with people.
M: She met them last year.
F: Mary chatted with people whom she met last year.
M: Mary took pictures of her friends.
M: She travelled with them.
F: Mary took pictures of her friends whom she travelled with.
M: Mary played volleyball with her friends.
M: She visited them.
F: Mary played volleyball with her friends whom she visited.
M: Mary went biking with someone.
M: She liked him very much.
F: Mary went biking with someone whom she liked very much.
M: Mary went for a drive with someone.
M: She knew her.
F: Mary went for a drive with someone whom she knew.
四.WHEN
下面我們來學(xué)習(xí)用 when, w-h-e-n, when 開頭可以說明時間的短句.第一組練習(xí)是說彼得和父母到國家公園去露營, 第一個星期就碰上暴風(fēng)雨, 帳篷被吹走了, 不得不住進父母的旅行拖車里. 下面男老師把彼得這次不愉快的經(jīng)驗一句一句的念出來, 每個句子都有說明時間的短句, 請你聽了之后跟著女老師把句子重復(fù)一遍.
M: During the month when we went camping in the national park, we had a terrible experience.
F: During the month when we went camping in the national park, we had a terrible experience.
M: It happened on the day when I set up my tent.
F: It happened on the day when I set up my tent.
M: In the afternoon when we got back from fishing, it became windy.
F: In the afternoon when we got back from fishing, it became windy.
M: During the night when it started to rain heavily, I got out of my tent and went into my parents' trailer.
F: During the night when it started to rain heavily, I got out of my tent and went into my parents' trailer.
M: The next morning when I got up, I found that my tent was gone.
F: The next morning when I got up, I found that my tent was gone.
在剛才那組練習(xí)里有一個字是 trailer, t-r-a-i-l-e-r, trailer, 這個字指的是美國人露營的時候常常用的拖車. 這種拖車就好象是帶了輪子的房子, 里頭有水電還分幾間屋子. 有的拖車本身就是一輛汽車, 有的必須用一般汽車拖著. 這個字等一會兒在聽力測驗里還會出現(xiàn). 下面老師要根據(jù)剛才那組練習(xí)提出一些問題. 請學(xué)生作肯定的答覆. 在學(xué)生回答問題的時候請你也一起回答.
M: Did Peter have a terrible experience during the month when he went camping?
F: Yes, he had a terrible experience during the month when he went camping.
M: Did it happen on the day when he set up his tent?
F: Yes, it happened on the day when he set up his tent.
M: Did it become windy in the afternoon when he got back from fishing?
F: Yes, it became windy in the afternoon when he got back from fishing.
M: Did he get into his parents' trailer during the night when it started to rain heavily?
F: Yes, he got into his parents' trailer during the night when it started to rain heavily.
M: Did he find that his tent was gone the next morning when he got up?
F: Yes, he found that his tent was gone the next morning when he got up.
五.聽短文回答問題
今天我們要聽的文章是說到美國人夏天里喜歡到國家公園去露營, 他們到那兒可以呼吸新鮮空氣,可以享受湖光山色. 陶冶身心, 有的人開著旅行拖車去,有的人是在營區(qū)搭帳篷等等.現(xiàn)在請你注意聽.
One kind of vacation that many Americans enjoy is camping. Each summer millions of Americans drive to the countryside where they find places to camp. The national parks, many of which are in the mountains, are favorite camping places. Campers enjoy the fresh air, the lakes and the forests which they find in these parks. Campers hike, swim and fish. They can also find many kinds of animals and plants in the parks. Mostly, campers relax. They enjoy a change from their busy lives in the city. Some campers have trailers which they drive or pull behind their cars to their camp sites. Trailers are like houses on wheels. They have many conveniences which people have in their homes, such as electricity and hot water. But most campers don't have trailers. They camp in tents which they set up in their camp sites. Campers in tents don't have the conveniences that campers in trailers have. Tent campers enjoy a very simple life.
剛才那篇文章你聽懂了多少? 如果沒有全部聽懂沒有關(guān)系, 等一會兒還有機會聽. 現(xiàn)在我請老師先把今天測驗的問題念給你聽.
第一個問題是:
M: What do campers find in the national parks?
第二個問題是:
M: Why do people enjoy camping?
第三個問題是:
M: What conveniences do campers in trailers have?
下面我們再來聽英文老師用慢速度把整篇文章念一遍.
One kind of vacation that many Americans enjoy is camping. Each summer millions of Americans drive to the countryside where they find places to camp. The national parks, many of which are in the mountains, are favorite camping places. Campers enjoy the fresh air, the lakes and the forests which they find in these parks. Campers hike, swim and fish. They can also find many kinds of animals and plants in the parks. Mostly, campers relax. They enjoy a change from their busy lives in the city. Some campers have trailers which they drive or pull behind their cars to their camp sites. Trailers are like houses on wheels. They have many conveniences which people have in their homes, such as electricity and hot water. But most campers don't have trailers. They camp in tents which they set up in their camp sites. Campers in tents don't have the conveniences that campers in trailers have. Tent campers enjoy a very simple life.
現(xiàn)在請你回答下面三個問題. 每回答一句就請你聽正確答案.
第一個問題是:
M: What do campers find in the national parks?
F: They find fresh air, lakes, forests and many kinds of animals and plants.
第二個問題是:
M: Why do people enjoy camping?
F: They enjoy camping because they can relax and enjoy a change from their busy lives in the city.
第三個問題是:
M: What conveniences do campers in trailers have?
F: They have electricity and hot water.
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