英語六級考試——寫作真題選析之應(yīng)用寫作型

六、應(yīng)用寫作型

(一)題型描述

　　 應(yīng)用文寫作是四、六級教學(xué)大綱的要求,具體包括書信、通知、便條、簡歷等的寫作。但考慮到詞數(shù)和主觀發(fā)揮余地等因素,在六級考試中具備可考性的只有書信。因此下面主要講解書信的寫作。

　　 書信既有實(shí)用性,又比較利于考生發(fā)揮。六級考到書信的年份有2005年12月、2005年1月、2004年6月、2002年1月和2001年6月。

　　 從寫信的對象和信的正式程度來看,書信又可以分為私人書信和公務(wù)書信。私人書信的對象一般是關(guān)系較親密、熟悉的人,溝通的內(nèi)容也比較輕松、簡單,如2001年6月的真題。公務(wù)書信的寫信對象一般比較陌生,而且溝通的內(nèi)容也比較嚴(yán)肅,如2005年12月、2005年1月、2004年6月和2002年1月的真題。而且根據(jù)寫信的目的,公務(wù)書信又可以分為申請信、邀請信、求職信、道歉信、感謝信、表揚(yáng)信和投訴信等等。

(二)真題示例

　　 私人書信:

　　 2001年6月

　　 Directions:For this part,you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter.Suppose you are Zhang Ying.Write a letter to Xiao Wang,a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during a weeklong holiday.You should write at least 120 words according to the suggestions given below in Chinese.

　　 1.表示歡迎。

　　 2.提出對度假安排的建議。

　　 3.提醒應(yīng)注意的事項。

　　 公務(wù)書信:

　　 2002年1月

　　 Directions:For this part,you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic:A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus.You should write at least 120 words,and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:

　　 假設(shè)你是李明,請你就本校食堂的狀況給校長寫一封信,內(nèi)容應(yīng)涉及食堂的飯菜質(zhì)量、價格、環(huán)境、服務(wù)等,可以是表揚(yáng),可以是批評建議,也可以兼而有之。

(三)整體構(gòu)思

　　 從考過的這些真題來看,書信題一般都會給出明確的三點(diǎn)提綱,而且一般來說按照提綱寫成三段正文即可。只不過需要注意一下格式。除了正文以外,書信一般包括以下三點(diǎn):

　　 ·時間

　　 ·稱呼

　　 ·落款

　　 時間一般寫在右上角,用考試當(dāng)天的時間即可,如June 17,2014。

　　 稱呼根據(jù)私人書信和公務(wù)書信而有所不同。私人書信一般用Dear 加上對方的姓名即可,如Dear Xiao Wang;公務(wù)書信一般不知道對方的姓名,而且即使知道姓名也不宜直呼其名,因此一般用Dear 加上其職務(wù)名,如給校長寫信稱呼為Dear Mr.President,給編輯寫信稱呼為Dear Mr./Miss Editor,如果對對方一無所知則稱其為Dear Sir/Madam。

　　 落款一般為Yours...加姓名。私人書信的Yours...部分一般用Yours truly或Yours即可,關(guān)系十分親密的,如家庭成員之間、戀人之間等也可以用love。公務(wù)書信一般用Yours sincerely,特別體現(xiàn)尊敬可以用Yours respectfully。Yours和后面所跟的單詞順序也可以顛倒。

　　 另外,特別要注意的是,由于眾所周知的原因,寫信人的姓名一般會在Directions中給出,因此不要寫自己的真名。

　　 除此之外,在落款之前也常常有一些固定的客套話作為結(jié)尾,如Best wishes(私人書信)或Best regards(公務(wù)書信)。

　　 但除此之外,書信就沒有什么固定的語句了,只要做到字跡清楚、段落明朗、內(nèi)容完整、緊扣提綱、語法正確、語言閃光、篇幅夠長,都可以得高分。只是有時候題目可能未明確給出三點(diǎn)提綱,需要考生自己有分段的意識。一般來說可以按以下三點(diǎn)來分段:

　　 ·簡要說明寫信的事由

　　 ·說明寫信的具體理由

　　 ·再次申明寫信的目的

(四)分段寫作

　　 書信的分段寫作并無固定的模式,只需注意用詞的靈活、閃光,句式的多樣,并且要通過平時練習(xí)擴(kuò)展思路?，F(xiàn)在我們總結(jié)出一些公務(wù)書信常用的句型,給大家作為參考。

　　 開頭

　　 I am...and I am writing to(you about)...

　　 我是……,我給你(們)寫信是關(guān)于……

　　 如:

　　 1.I am a student from Tsinghua University and I am writing to you about my experience of buying a dictionary and my complaint about the service of a bookstore.

　　 我是一名來自清華大學(xué)的學(xué)生,我給你們寫信是反映我買字典的一次經(jīng)歷以及我對一家書店服務(wù)的投訴。

　　 2.I am a sophomore from the Department of Computer Science and I am writing to you about the food and service in the canteen on campus.

　　 我是一名來自計算機(jī)科學(xué)系的大二學(xué)生,我給您寫信是反映校園食堂的飯菜和服務(wù)情況的。

　　 3.I am Li Ming,dean of the History Department,Peking University,and I am writing to invite you to participate in an international convention that is to be held in Beijing.

　　 我是北京大學(xué)歷史系主任李明,寫信邀請您參加將在北京舉行的一個國際會議。

　　 4.I am a student from Tsinghua University and I'm writing to extend my heartfelt thanks to all the nurses and doctors in your hospital.

　　 我是一名來自清華大學(xué)的學(xué)生,我寫信是想表達(dá)我對貴醫(yī)院所有醫(yī)護(hù)人員的衷心感謝。

　　 結(jié)尾

　　 投訴信:

　　 1.I hope that this letter can draw your attention and the problem mentioned above can be solved as soon as possible.

　　 我希望這封信能夠引起您的注意,并希望上述問題可以盡快得到解決。

　　 2.I strongly suggest that a repairman should be sent to my home without delay.I wonder if you could find out the exact cause of the problem as soon as possible.If you can't,I am afraid that I will request for full amount of refund.

　　 我強(qiáng)烈建議立即派一名維修人員到我家來。我不知道你們能否盡快找出問題的確切原因。如果不能,恐怕我會要求全額退款。

　　 邀請信:

　　 1.Please let me know your date of arrival if you can come.If you have any questions,please don't hesitate to contact me.Look forward to your reply.

　　 如果您能來,請告知我您的抵達(dá)日期。如果您有任何問題,請盡管與我聯(lián)系。期待您的答復(fù)。

　　 2.I shall be much obliged if you could do us the favor by being present at the conference.

　　 如果您能光臨會議,我將感激不盡。

　　 感謝信:

　　 1.Please allow me to convey again my sincere greetings toward...

　　 請允許我再次向……表達(dá)我誠摯的問候。

　　 2.Nothing can express my gratitude except my best wishes to...

　　 除了我對……最美好的祝愿,沒有什么能表達(dá)我的感謝。

　　 3.If you have anything that needs my help,please don't hesitate to contact me.

　　 如果您有什么事需要我的幫助,請盡管與我聯(lián)系。

　　 道歉信:

　　 1.In order to make up for my absence/mistake,I would...

　　 為了彌補(bǔ)我的缺席/錯誤,我會……

　　 2.My sincere apologies again.

　　 再次表達(dá)我真誠的歉意。

(五)高分模板

　　 如果說書信有高分模板,投訴信和求職信可以算得上能總結(jié)得比較多的了。

　　 1.投訴信(2002年1月真題)

　　 范文

　　 January 12th,2002

　　 Dear Mr.President,

　　 I am a sophomore from this university and I am writing to you about my experience of dining in a canteen on campus and my complaint about its service.

　　 It was about a month ago.I went to Student Canteen No.2 to have lunch.It was only after I finished the lunch and went to buy some drinks that I found a lot of money on my card was missing.Obviously,the previous staff made a mistake in operation and deducted too much money from my account.But when I went back to the canteen to tell them about the matter,they said that I should have checked the balance before I left the counter.According to them,it was my fault and they held no responsibility for the whole matter.

　　 What I want to say is that sincerity and enthusiasm are vital to the service sector of a university.It was quite easy for them to check the transaction record and make a correction but they refused to do so.They will lose all customers if they persist in doing so.I hope that this letter can draw the attention of the whole university and that the problem can be solved as soon as possible.

　　 Best regards.

　　 Yours sincerely,

　　 Li Ming

　　 譯文

　　 2002年1月12日

　　 親愛的校長先生:

　　 我是本校一名大二的學(xué)生,我給您寫信是反映我在校園某食堂就餐的經(jīng)歷以及對其服務(wù)的投訴。

　　 大約一個月前,我去學(xué)生第二食堂吃午飯。當(dāng)我吃完午飯去買飲料時才發(fā)現(xiàn)我卡里的很多錢不翼而飛。顯然,此前的服務(wù)人員操作有誤,從我的賬戶中多扣除了許多錢。但是,當(dāng)我回到食堂告訴他們此事時,他們說我應(yīng)該在離開柜臺之前檢查好余額。按他們的說法,這是我的錯,他們對整件事情沒有責(zé)任。

　　 我想說的是,誠意和熱情對一所大學(xué)的服務(wù)部門來說是至關(guān)重要的。他們檢查一下交易記錄、更正一下是很容易的,但他們拒絕這樣做。如果他們堅持這樣,他們將失去所有的客戶。我希望這封信能引起整個學(xué)校的關(guān)注,并且希望這一問題可以盡快解決。

　　 最真摯的問候。

　　 此致

　　 敬禮

　　 李明

　　 2.求職信(模擬題)

　　 Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter of application for a job.You should write at least 150 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:

　　 假定你是李明,是北京外國語大學(xué)(Beijing Foreign Studies University)一名英語專業(yè)的學(xué)生。你在China Daily上看到一則招聘廣告:Microsoft China要招聘口譯員。你認(rèn)為自己符合條件,請寫一封申請信。

　　 范文

　　 June 17th,2014

　　 Dear Sir/Madam,

　　 I am responding to your advertisement in China Daily on June 10th,2014,which invites applications for interpreters.Enclosed with this letter is my resume which details my background.

　　 I believe that I am the best candidate for this position.In the first place,I have been studying English for four years in Beijing Foreign Studies University,one of the most prestigious language schools in China,which has provided me with a desirable command of English skills.In the second place,I have taken part in a number of social activities in the past years,which have helped cultivate my team spirit and creativity.Besides,I have attended training courses for interpretation and have obtained related certificates.Last but not least,I have worked as a part?time interpreter,so I am well prepared for this job.

　　 I would treasure the chance and exert every effort to do a good job if I had the luck to be provided with the position.Moreover,I shall be much obliged if you will afford me an opportunity for an interview,and I appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience.

　　 Thank you for considering this application.

　　 Best regards.

　　 Yours sincerely,

　　 Li Ming

　　 譯文

　　 2014年6月17日

　　 尊敬的先生/女士:

　　 我是看了2014年6月10日貴公司在《中國日報》上招聘口譯員的廣告才給您寫這封信的。隨信附上我的簡歷,詳細(xì)列明我的背景。

　　 我相信我是這個職位的最佳人選。首先,我在中國最負(fù)盛名的語言學(xué)校之一——北京外國語大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)了四年英語,這使我很好地掌握了英語技能。其次,在過去幾年中我參加了很多社會活動,這有助于培養(yǎng)我的團(tuán)隊精神和創(chuàng)造力。此外,我還參加了口譯培訓(xùn)課程,并獲得了相關(guān)證書。最后但同樣重要的是,我做過兼職口譯員,所以對于這份工作我做好了充分的準(zhǔn)備。

　　 如果我有幸能得到這個職位,我會珍惜這個機(jī)會,盡一切努力做好我的工作。此外,如果您愿意給我提供面試的機(jī)會,我將非常感激。感謝您在您方便時盡早回應(yīng)。

　　 感謝您考慮我的申請。

　　 最誠摯的問候。

　　 此致

　　 敬禮

　　 李明

(六)學(xué)以致用

　　 套用上面這兩個模板就可以輕松地寫出更多同類題目,如:

　　 1.投訴信(2004年6月真題)

　　 Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to the editor of a newspaper complaining about the poor service of a bookstore.You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:

　　 設(shè)想你買了一本英文字典,發(fā)現(xiàn)有這樣那樣的質(zhì)量問題,書店的服務(wù)態(tài)度又不好,因此給報社編輯寫信。信中必須包含以下內(nèi)容:

　　 1.事情的起因。

　　 2.與書店交涉的經(jīng)過。

　　 3.呼吁服務(wù)行業(yè)必須提高服務(wù)質(zhì)量。

　　 范文

　　 June 20th,2014

　　 Dear Mr./Ms.Editor,

　　 I am a student from Tsinghua University and I am writing to you about my experience of buying a dictionary and my complaint about the service of a bookstore.

　　 It was about a month ago.I went to a bookstore nearby the university to buy an English dictionary.It was only after I paid for the dictionary and returned to school that I found some pages were missing.But when I went back to the bookstore to tell them about the matter,they said that I should have checked the dictionary before I left the store.According to them,it was my fault and they hold no responsibility for the whole matter.

　　 What I want to say is that sincerity and enthusiasm are vital to the survival of service industries in the market economy featured by fierce competition.It was quite easy for them to change the dictionary for me but they refused to do so.They will lose all customers if they persist in doing so.I hope that this letter can draw the attention of the whole society and that the problem can be solved as soon as possible.

　　 Best regards.

　　 Yours sincerely,

　　 Li Ming

　　 譯文

　　 2014年6月20日

　　 親愛的編輯先生/女士:

　　 我是一名清華大學(xué)的學(xué)生,我給您寫信是反映我購買字典的一次經(jīng)歷并對一個書店的服務(wù)投訴。

　　 大約一個月前,我去學(xué)校附近的一家書店購買一本英文字典。我付完款回到學(xué)校時才發(fā)現(xiàn)字典里少了一些頁。但是,當(dāng)我回到書店告訴他們此事時,他們說我應(yīng)該在離開書店之前檢查好字典。按他們的說法,這是我的錯,他們對整件事情沒有責(zé)任。

　　 我想說的是,在競爭激烈的市場經(jīng)濟(jì)中,誠意和熱情對服務(wù)行業(yè)的生存來說是至關(guān)重要的。他們給我換一本字典是很容易的事,但他們拒絕這樣做。如果他們堅持這樣,他們將失去所有的顧客。我希望這封信能引起全社會的關(guān)注,也希望這一問題可以盡快得到解決。

　　 最誠摯的問候。

　　 此致

　　 敬禮

　　 李明

　　 2.求職信(模擬題)

　　 Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter of application for a job.You should write at least 150 words and you should base your composition on the outline(given in Chinese)below:

　　 假定你是李明,是北京大學(xué)(Peking University)一名計算機(jī)專業(yè)的學(xué)生。你在China Daily上看到一則招聘廣告:Microsoft China要招聘軟件工程師。你認(rèn)為自己符合條件,請寫一封申請信。

　　 范文

　　 June 17th,2014

　　 Dear Sir/Madam,

　　 I am responding to your advertisement in China Daily on June 10th,2014,which invites applications for software engineers.Enclosed with this letter is my resume which details my background.

　　 I believe that I am the best candidate for this position.In the first place,I have been studying computer science for four years in Peking University,one of the most prestigious universities in China,which has provided me with a desirable command of computer skills.In the second place,I have taken part in a number of social activities in the past years,which have helped cultivate my team spirit and creativity.Besides,I have attended computer programming training courses and have obtained related certificates.Last but not least,I have worked as a part?time computer programmer,so I am well prepared for this job.

　　 I would treasure the chance and exert every effort to do a good job if I had the luck to be provided with the position.Besides,I shall be much obliged if you will afford me an opportunity for an interview,and I appreciate a response from you at your earliest convenience.

　　 Thank you for considering this application.

　　 Best regards.

　　 Yours sincerely,

　　 Li Ming

　　 譯文

　　 2014年6月17日

　　 尊敬的先生/女士:

　　 我是看了2014年6月10日貴公司在《中國日報》上招聘軟件工程師的廣告才給您寫這封信的。隨信附上我的簡歷,詳細(xì)列明我的背景。

　　 我相信我是這個職位的最佳人選。首先,我在中國最負(fù)盛名的大學(xué)之一 ——北京大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)了四年計算機(jī)科學(xué),這使我很好地掌握了計算機(jī)技能。其次,在過去幾年中我參加了很多社會活動,這有助于培養(yǎng)我的團(tuán)隊精神和創(chuàng)造力。此外,我還參加了計算機(jī)編程培訓(xùn)課程,并獲得了相關(guān)證書。最后但同樣重要的是,我做過兼職計算機(jī)程序設(shè)計師,所以我對這份工作有充分的準(zhǔn)備。

　　 如果我有幸能得到這個職位,我會珍惜這個機(jī)會,盡一切努力做好我的工作。此外,如果您愿意給我提供面試的機(jī)會,我將非常感激。感謝您在您方便時盡早回應(yīng)。

　　 感謝您考慮我的申請。

　　 最誠摯的問候。

　　 此致

　　 敬禮

　　 李明

　　 3.(2005年12月真題)

　　 Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a company declining a job offer.You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below:

　　 1.對公司提供職位表示感謝。

　　 2.解釋為何不能接受所提供的職位。

　　 3.希望予以諒解,并表達(dá)對公司的良好祝愿。

　　 范文

　　 December 24,2005

　　 Dear Sir/Madam,

　　 I am responding to your job offer on December 20th,2005.I was informed that I would be offered the job as an interpreter for your company.I cordially appreciate your trust and I am much obliged to you for providing me with the chance.However,I am afraid that I cannot accept it.

　　 I believe that I am not the best candidate for this position.In the first place,I have been studying computer for four years,which has not provided me with a desirable command of English skills,though I might have spoken English relatively fluently during the interview.In the second place,I have not taken part in many social activities in the past years,which means I am not very good at communication.Besides,I have not attended any training courses for interpretation or obtained any related certificates.Last but not least,I have never even worked as a part?time interpreter,so I am poorly prepared for this job.

　　 Nonetheless,I want to express my sincere gratefulness again and I earnestly apologize for any inconvenience hereby caused.Finally,I hope you can find the ideal candidate as soon as possible.

　　 Best regards.

　　 Yours sincerely,

　　 Li Ming

　　 譯文

　　 2005年12月24日

　　 尊敬的先生/女士:

　　 我是就貴公司在2005年12月20日給我提供的工作機(jī)會寫這封信的。貴公司告知我我將得到口譯員的職位。我衷心感激貴公司的信任以及為我提供的這一機(jī)會。然而,我恐怕不能接受這一職位。

　　 我認(rèn)為我不是這個職位的最佳人選。首先,盡管我在面試中英語口語比較流利,但我四年來一直學(xué)的是計算機(jī),并未很好地掌握英語技能。其次,在過去幾年中我并未參加很多社會活動,這意味著我并不是特別擅長交流。此外,我也未參加任何口譯培訓(xùn)課程或獲得任何相關(guān)證書。最后但同樣重要的是,我甚至連兼職口譯員都沒有做過,所以我對這份工作并沒有準(zhǔn)備好。

　　 然而,我想再次表達(dá)我真誠的謝意,并且為由此引起的不便誠懇地道歉。最后,我希望你們盡早找到理想的人選。

　　 最真摯的問候。

　　 此致

　　 敬禮

　　 李明

(七)模板變臉

　　 其實(shí),好的寫法絕不止一種,我們也可以總結(jié)出書信作文的其他模板,如下面文章中畫線的部分:

　　 June 17th,2014

　　 To Whom It May Concern,

　　 I am writing in response to your advertisement in China Daily on June 10th,2014,which recruits software engineers.Attached to this letter is my resume which expounds my background.

　　 I believe that I am the best qualified for this position.First and foremost,I have been studying computer science for four years in Peking University,one of the most prestigious universities in China,which has provided me with an ideal mastery of computer skills.Secondly,I have participated in a number of social activities in the past years,which have helped develop my team spirit and creativity.Moreover,I have accepted professional training for programming and have been awarded related certificates.Last but not least,I have worked as a part?time computer programmer,so I am rather experienced for this job.

　　 I will value the chance and spare no effort to perform well if I am lucky enough to be offered the position.Besides,I shall be much grateful if you will provide me with an opportunity for an interview,and I appreciate a reply from you at your earliest convenience.

　　 Best regards.

　　 Yours sincerely,

　　 Li Ming