美國政要第21課

所屬教程:美國政要

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The Future Development of the U.S. Army
--Interview With Lieutenant General（Re.）Jay M.Garner，the Assistant Vice Chief of Staff of the Army 訪美國陸軍前副參謀長助理杰伊•加納中將（退役）
MR.CHEN BOJIANG:I feel greatly honored to have this opportunity to gain your insights on the future development of the US Army today. I really appreciate that you have given me this chance to interview you today given your full schedule.
The U.S. Army has increasingly emphasized the exploitation of the Revolution in Military Affairs（RMA）on such efforts as Force XXI1 and Army After Next2. What is your interpretation3 of RMA to day? Can you give me an overview of the progress that the Army has made in the RMA research?
MR.GARNER:I know you've talked to Dr. Marshall and others on RMA.I think RMA is at least thirty years from now. Probably twenty, twenty-five, twenty-three. I don't see the Army making a leap to that right away because, from a practical sense, it can't do that. To make the great changes it has to make, the technologies are not there right now. The other thing is, in order for the Army to go to Army After Next, it has to live with4 the current set of weapons for about thirty years. In other words，you can't build a new tank right now. If you built a new tank today, it would look kind of like a tank today looks like. This is because the technology, the composite5 technologies aren't there the lightweight materials aren't there the more fuel efficient engines aren't there, the greater ranges of guns aren't there yet, so it will take another twenty-five to thirty years to do that. In the meantime, what the Army has to do is quit buying the things it's buying. It has to quit buying Brad leys and tanks and Apaches and Black hawks6 and those things in order to free up the money to be able to do Army After Next. So, there's a period there that's going to be probably twenty years long, twenty or twenty-five years long, where we're going to live with the equipment that we have now. So，the challenge to the Army is to make that equipment as good as it can be, and during that long period of time, where we're trying to develop Army After Next, is to make sure that we don't lose over match with the current set of equipment we have. So, The revolution in military affairs, yes, that's coming. But, it's not going to be rapid. It's going to take a very long time to do that.
MR. CHEN: What is the focus of the U.S. Army's RMA efforts? What are the most important changes in the Army that will be brought about by the RMA?
MR. GARNER: Information, the use of information. Yes. Use the information as a weapon. What will happen is you'll see a cultural change in the Army. A change in the way the Army thinks. The way it thinks in the future will be how to respond to the information it has how to use information that is much faster and how to take large volumes of information and distill7 it down to just exactly what you need. In doing that，I think you'll see the synergy8 of fires and maneuvers come closer together than they have before. I also think you'll see the disparity9 between the Army and its enemies get wider, because I don't think enemies will be able to use information as fast. So, you'll always be ahead of your enemies, thought wise, because of the information you have. Now, the danger there is the enemy taking that information away from you--two edged sword10.
MR. CHEN: Like the German Army's innovation of Blitzkrieg11 with the tank, how does the U.S. Army envision12 the use of today's technology for RMA advances?
MR. GARNER: Today's technology? I don't think today's technology will do it. It will have to be tomorrow's technology.
Today's technologies aren't going to make you much better than you are right now. You just get improvements on the margin13. Today’s technologies allow us to do evolutionary changes. Army After Next is going to be a revolutionary change. And, the technologies for revolutionary change aren't ready yet.
Yeah，the technologies that allow you to make revolutionary change aren't mature14 enough yet. They're not ready. So, even if you had all the money in the world and all the time, you still couldn't do it because the technology isn't there. It's just too immature.
MR. CHEN: The U.S. Army has begun research on the Force XXI and the Army After Next for several years. What is the main purpose and highlights of this research? What is the progress on this re-search?
MR. GARNER: Well，Army XXI is a process by which the Army is looking at a lot of things and a lot of concepts. That process will end by the close of the first decade of the next century. That process will be over about 2010.During the process, the Army will have culturally changed. The next process will be what happens between 2010 and 2025 or 2030. That will be the RMA and that will be the physical change in the Army. You see, the first ten or fifteen years, you change the culture you change the way you think and the way you do things. You make a mental15 change. So, you know mentally how to fight your new ways, you have the concepts and the doctrine to do that. But, the machines that allow you to do that aren't quite good enough yet. So, the next fifteen or twenty years will be the physical change. So, Army XXI is really a mental process of new ways，new concepts, new thoughts, new ideas, the changing of the culture. Then Army After Next, that's a physical change. Where the tanks of 2025 probably doesn't look anything like the tank today. So, there's really two things going. First thing is the mental change, the next thing is the physical change. The reason you don't do the physical change earlier is because you don't have the technologies they aren't mature enough yet. Do you understand?
I think you need to go through Force XXI in order to get to Army After Next, because of the thought process. You continue the thought process, experimentation and the new concept, and, by the end of Force XXI, we will have the concepts that we're going to fight for the next twenty or thirty years. The next step then will be making the machines that will allow you to fight that way.

Practise Listening to words 詞匯聽力練習:
1.Force XXI “21世紀陸軍”（美陸軍的一個研究項目）
2.Army After Next “后天的陸軍”（美陸軍的一個研究項目）
3.interpretation [] n.解釋，闡明
4.live with 與……一起
5.composite [] adj. 復合的
6.Bradley 布雷德利（戰(zhàn)車）
Apache 阿帕奇（直升機）
Blackhawk 黑鷹（直升機）
7.distill []vt. 提取
8.synergy [] n. 協(xié)同（作用）
9.disparity [] n. 差別，不同
10.two edged sword 雙刃劍
11.blitzkrieg [] n. 閃電戰(zhàn)，奇襲戰(zhàn)法
12.envision [] vt. 預想，構想
13.margin [] n. 頁邊的空白
14.mature [] vi. 成熟
15.mental [] adj. 精神的，智力的

【參考譯文】
美國陸軍的未來發(fā)展
陳伯江:今天有機會就美國陸軍發(fā)展問題聽取你的意見，我感到非常榮幸。你在百忙中接受我的采訪，我確實非常感謝。
近年來，美國陸軍一直在利用軍事革命來加強對陸軍發(fā)展的研究（如“21世紀陸軍”和“后天的陸軍”的研究）。你怎樣看待軍事革命?請你簡要介紹一下陸軍進行軍事革命研究的情況。
加納:我知道你已就軍事革命問題采訪了馬歇爾博士和其他一些人。我認為從現(xiàn)在開始，軍事革命至少還需要30年，也可能20、25或23年。我不認為陸軍馬上就會有那樣的飛躍，因為從實際情況看不可能做到。就那些必須進行的重大變化來說，目前尚無相應的技術。另一個原因是，為使今天的陸軍過渡到“后天的陸軍”，大約在30年內(nèi)，它必須繼續(xù)使用當前的武器裝備。換句話說，目前你還不能造出一種新的坦克。如果你現(xiàn)在造一輛新坦克，它看起來會與現(xiàn)有的坦克差不多，這是因為目前制造新型坦克所需的技術還沒有出現(xiàn)，還沒有復合技術;還沒有輕型材料；還沒有能更有效使用燃料的發(fā)動機;也還沒有作用距離更遠的槍炮;因此，還將需要25～30年時間來解決這些問題。與此同時，陸軍必須停止繼續(xù)采購那些東西。停止采購布雷德利戰(zhàn)斗車、坦克、阿帕奇直升機、黑鷹直升機，以便能省出錢來去發(fā)展“后天的陸軍”。因此，大概在20或25年長的一段時間里，我們將繼續(xù)使用現(xiàn)有的武器裝備。美國陸軍的任務是使現(xiàn)有裝備盡可能處于良好狀態(tài)，并且在我們努力發(fā)展“后天的陸軍”這段長時間里，確保不要喪失與我們目前所擁有的武器裝備相匹配的作戰(zhàn)能力。是的，軍事革命正在到來。但它將不會很快完成，進行這場革命需要很長的時間。
陳:美國陸軍軍事革命努力的重點是什么?軍事革命將會給陸軍帶來的最大變化是什么?
加納:信息，以及對信息的運用。對，把信息當作一種武器。你會看到美國陸軍將要出現(xiàn)一場文化上的變革，一場陸軍思維方式的變革。今后陸軍思維的方式將是如何對它所擁有的信息做出反應；如何非常快地利用信息;以及如何獲得大量的信息并從中提取你所需要的內(nèi)容。在這樣做時，我認為你將會看到火力與機動之間的協(xié)同比過去更加密切。你還會看到美國陸軍與敵人之間的力量對比會更加懸殊，因為我認為敵人不可能那樣快地利用信息。所以，你將總是領先于你的敵人，因為你擁有信息。現(xiàn)在的危險在于，也會有敵人從你的手中奪走信息。信息是一把雙刃劍。
陳:像德國陸軍在二戰(zhàn)時發(fā)明與坦克相關的閃擊戰(zhàn)那樣，美國陸軍在用今天的技術推動軍事革命方面有何構想?
加納:今天的技術？我認為今天的技術還做不到，它必須是明天的技術。
今天的技術將不會使你比現(xiàn)在好多少。你只能作點邊邊角角的改進。今天的技術只允許漸進性的變化，“后天的陸軍”才會導致革命性的變革。目前尚不具備引起革命性變化的技術。
能使你進行革命性變化的技術目前還不成熟。因而，既使你擁有世界上的全部錢財和全部時間，你也無法進行革命性的變化，因為缺少技術。技術還太不成熟。
陳:美國陸軍開始進行“21世紀陸軍”和“后天的陸軍”的研究已好幾年了，這些研究的主要目的和重點是什么？取得了哪些進展？
加納:“21世紀陸軍”的研究是一個要進行大量理論和實際探索的過程。這一過程將在下個世紀前10年接近尾聲的時候結束。在這一過程中，美國陸軍將會出現(xiàn)文化上的變化。美國陸軍發(fā)展的下一個階段將會出現(xiàn)在2010年至2025年或2030年之間，那將是軍事革命并且美國陸軍將會發(fā)生物理上的變化。要知道，在前10年或15年時間里，你改變文化:即改變你的思維方式和行為方式。你進行心理上的變化，懂得如何以新的方式進行作戰(zhàn)，制定以新方式作戰(zhàn)的各種概念和理論。但允許你那樣做的機器（裝備）還不夠好。而在它之后的下一個15或20年將是物理變化的時期。所以，“21世紀陸軍”的研究確實是一個發(fā)現(xiàn)新方式、新概念、新思想、新觀點的心理活動過程，旨在改變文化。“后天的陸軍”是要進行物理上的變化。2025年時的坦克大概一點也不像今天的坦克。因此，實際上會有兩個方面的變化，首先是心理上的變化，然后是物理上的變化。之所以不能更早地進行物理變化，是因為還不具備變化所需要的技術。這些技術目前尚不成熟。
我認為，為了進入“后天的陸軍”，你必須先經(jīng)過“21世紀陸軍”，因為需要有一個思想變化的過程。經(jīng)過這一實驗和發(fā)展新概念的思想變化過程，到“21世紀陸軍”的研究結束時，我們將獲得此后20或30年作戰(zhàn)所需的各種新概念，下一步則將是發(fā)展使你能以那種方式作戰(zhàn)的武器裝備。