《師說(shuō)》原文譯文英文三種版本

　　韓愈 《師說(shuō)》原文：

　　古之學(xué)者必有師。師者，所以傳道受業(yè)解惑也。人非生而知之者，孰能無(wú)惑?惑而不從師，其為惑也，終不解矣。生乎吾前，其聞道也，固先乎吾，吾從而師之;生乎吾后，其聞道也，亦先乎吾，吾從而師之。吾師道也，夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎?是故無(wú)貴無(wú)賤，無(wú)長(zhǎng)無(wú)少，道之所存，師之所存也。

　　嗟乎!師 道之不傳也久矣，欲人之無(wú)惑也難矣。古之圣人，其出人也遠(yuǎn)矣，猶且從師而問(wèn)焉;今之眾人，其下圣人也亦遠(yuǎn)矣，而恥學(xué)于師。是故圣益圣，愚益愚。圣人之所以為圣，愚人之所以為愚，其皆出于此乎?愛(ài)其子，擇師而教之;于其身也，則恥師焉，惑矣。彼童子之師，授之書(shū)而習(xí)其句讀者，非吾所謂傳其道、解其惑者也。句 讀之不知，惑之不解，或師焉，或不焉，小學(xué)而大遺，吾未見(jiàn)其明也。巫醫(yī)、樂(lè)師、百工之人，不恥相師。士大夫之族，曰“師”曰“弟子”云者，則群聚而笑之。 問(wèn)之，則曰：彼與彼年相若也，道相似也， 位卑則足羞，官盛則近諛。嗚呼!師道之不復(fù)，可知矣。 巫醫(yī)、樂(lè)師、百工之人，君子不齒，今其智乃反不能及，其 可怪也歟!

　　圣人無(wú)常師?？鬃訋熪白印⑷O弘、師襄、老聃。郯子之徒，其賢不及孔子?？鬃釉?ldquo;三人行，則必有我?guī)煛?rdquo;是故弟子不必不如師，師不必賢于弟子。聞道有先后，術(shù)業(yè)有專(zhuān)攻，如是而已。

　　李氏子蟠，年十七，好古文，六藝經(jīng)傳皆通習(xí)之，不拘于時(shí)，學(xué)于余。余嘉其能行古道，作《師說(shuō)》以貽之。

　　【師說(shuō)譯文】

　　古代求學(xué)的人必定有老師。老師，是用來(lái)傳授道理、講授學(xué)業(yè)、解答疑難問(wèn)題的。人不是一生下來(lái)就懂得道理的，誰(shuí)能沒(méi)有疑惑?有了疑惑，如果不跟老師學(xué)習(xí)，那些成為疑難的問(wèn)題,就始終不能解開(kāi)。出生在我之前的人，他懂得的道理本來(lái)就比我早，我跟從他，拜他為老師;出生在我之后的人，如果他懂得道理也比我早，我也跟從他，拜他為老師。我是向他學(xué)習(xí)道理的，哪管他的年齡比我大還是小呢?因此，無(wú)論高低貴賤，無(wú)論年長(zhǎng)年幼，道理存在的地方，就是老師所在的地方。

　　唉!古代從師學(xué)習(xí)的風(fēng)尚不流傳已經(jīng)很久了，要人沒(méi)有疑惑也難了!古代的圣人，他們超出一般人很遠(yuǎn)，尚且要跟從老師請(qǐng)教(他，焉為代詞);現(xiàn)在的一般人，他們才智不及圣人也很遠(yuǎn)，卻以向老師學(xué)習(xí)為恥。因此，圣人更加圣明，愚人更加愚昧。圣人之所以成為圣人，愚人之所以成為愚人，大概都是由于這個(gè)原因吧? 愛(ài)自己的孩子，選擇老師來(lái)教他。但是對(duì)于他自己，卻以跟從老師學(xué)習(xí)為可恥，真是糊涂啊!那些兒童的老師，教他讀書(shū)，學(xué)習(xí)書(shū)中的文句的停頓，并不是我所說(shuō)的傳授道理，解答疑難問(wèn)題的老師。不知句子停頓要問(wèn)老師，有疑惑不能解決卻不愿問(wèn)老師;小的方面學(xué)習(xí)了大的卻丟了[2]。我沒(méi)有看到他的明達(dá)。巫醫(yī)、樂(lè)師、各種工匠這些人，不以互相學(xué)習(xí)為恥。士大夫這一類(lèi)人，聽(tīng)到稱(chēng)“老師”稱(chēng)“弟子”的人，就聚在一起嘲笑他們。問(wèn)他們，就說(shuō)：“他和他年齡差不多，懂得的道理也差不多。把地位低的人當(dāng)做老師，就足以感到恥辱;把官大的人當(dāng)做老師，就被認(rèn)為近于諂媚。”哎!求師的風(fēng)尚難以恢復(fù)由此可以知道了!巫醫(yī)、樂(lè)師、各種工匠這些人，君子不屑一提，現(xiàn)在他們的智慧竟然反而比不上這些人了，這真是奇怪啊!

　　圣人沒(méi)有固定的老師，孔子曾以郯子、萇弘、師襄、老聃為師。郯子這些人，賢能都比不上孔子?？鬃诱f(shuō)：“三人行，則必有我?guī)煛?rdquo;所以學(xué)生不一定不如老師，老師不一定比學(xué)生賢明。接受道理有早有晚，學(xué)問(wèn)和技藝上各有各的專(zhuān)門(mén)研究，如此而已。

　　李家的孩子叫李蟠的，十七歲，喜歡古文，六藝的經(jīng)文和傳文都普遍地學(xué)習(xí)了，沒(méi)有被時(shí)代的風(fēng)氣所影響，向我學(xué)習(xí)。我贊賞他能履行古人之道，寫(xiě)《師說(shuō)》送給他。

　【師說(shuō)英文翻譯】

       On Teachers

　　Hah Yu

　　Ancient scholars certainly had teachers. A teacher is one whopasses on the truth, imparts knowledge and solves puzzles. Man is not born withknowledge. Who can deny that he has puzzles? These would remain unsolved,should one refuse to be instructed by teachers.

　　The men born before me surely know the truth before me, so Irespect them as teachers, whereas those born after me may also know the truthbefore me, I likewise respect them as teachers. It is the truth that Iendeavour to learn. Must I know beforehand whether my teacher was born earlieror later than I? Therefore, no distinction should be made between the noble andthe humble or between the young and the old. Where lies the truth, there is ateacher.

　　Alas, it is a long time since the admirable tone ofrespecting teachers ceased to pass on! How hard it would be to expect a man tobe free of puzzle! Sages in olden times outstripped by far the ordinary people.Nevertheless, they had teachers and asked them questions. Nowadays themultitude, though much inferior to sages, are ashamed of being instructed byteachers. As a consequence, sages become more sage, and ignoramuses moreignorant. The wisdom of the former and the stupidity of the latter — are theynot all caused by this?

　　Loving parents may select teachers to instruct theirchildren. But when it comes to themselves, they feel it a disgrace to be taughtby them. How wrong they must be! The teachers of their children only show themhow to read a book sentence by sentence, not to be mentioned in the same breathas those whom I refer to as passing on the truth and solving puzzles. For lackof reading skills, one seeks the help of teachers, while for unsolved puzzles,one acts contrariwise. It is indeed learning the lesser but giving up thegreater. I do not see its wisdom.

　　Physicians, musicians and multifarious artisans are notashamed of learning from each other. But among the gentlefolk the talk aboutthe teachers and pupils would invite laughter from a gathered company. Whenasked about the reason, they would say, "The one is equal to the other inage and knowledge." To be instructed by a man of low social standing isregarded as a disgrace, and by a man of high official rank as a flattery. Alas,it is only conceivable that the noble tone of respecting teachers is lost andhardly retrievable! Physicians, musicians and artisans are refused to betreated as equals by gentlefolks, yet these turn out to be less intelligentthan those. Is it not strange?

　　Sages have had no constant teachers. Confucius once learnedfrom Tan Zi as well as from Chang Hong, Shi Xiang and Laozi, though Tan Zi andhis like are not on a parity with him in wisdom. Confucius says: "Out ofmy two fellow-travellers one must be qualified to be my teacher." Hencepupils are not necessarily inferior to teachers, and teachers need not alwaysbe superior to pupils. Some may know the truth earlier or later than others andeach has his own professional specialty — that is all!

　　Li Pan, aged seventeen, is fond of ancient classical writingsand have studied all the six arts and their commentaries. Not restrained by thecurrent practice, he has learned from me. As I commend him for his being ableto follow the old ways, I am writing this essay "On Teachers" forhim.