新概念英語第四冊（美音版）The sporting spirit

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[00:00.31]Lesson 6 [00:01.51]The sporting spirit [00:07.64]How does the writer describe sport at the international level? [00:14.09]I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield. [00:30.32]Even if one didn't know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce it from general principles. [00:45.53]Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive. [00:49.40]You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. [00:55.66]On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as a the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused. [01:19.34]Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. [01:23.62]At the international level, sport is frankly mimic warfare. [01:28.62]But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators: [01:34.89]and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, [01:41.93]and seriously believe -- at any rate for short periods -- that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.

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Lesson 6
The sporting spirit
體育的精神
First listen and then answer the following question.
聽錄音，然后回答以下問題.
How does the writer describe sport at the international level?
I am always amazed when I hear people saying that sport creates goodwill between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the would could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the hattlefield. Even if one didn't know from concrete examples (the 1936 Olympic Games, for instance) that international sporting contests lead to orgies of hatred, one could deduce if from general principles.
Nearly all the sports practised nowadays are competitive. You play to win, and the game has little meaning unless you do your utmost to win. On the village green, where you pick up sides and no feeling of local patriotism is involved, it is possible to play simply for the fun and exercise: but as soon as a the question of prestige arises, as soon as you feel that you and some larger unit will be disgraced if you lose, the most savage combative instincts are aroused. Anyone who has played even in a school football match knows this. At the international level, sport is frankly mimic warfare. But the significant thing is not the behaviour of the players but the attitude of the spectators: and, behind the spectators, of the nations who work themselves into furies over these absurd contests, and seriously believe -- at any rate for short periods -- that running, jumping and kicking a ball are tests of national virtue.
GEORGE ORWELL The sporting spirit
New words and expression
goodwill
n. 友好
cricket
n. 板球
inclination
n. 意愿
contest
n. 比賽
orgy
n. 無節(jié)制的，放蕩
deduce
v. 推斷
competitive
adj. 競爭性的
patriotism
n. 地方觀念，愛國主義
disgrace
v. 使丟臉
savage
adj. 野性的
combative
adj. 好斗的
mimic warfare
模擬戰(zhàn)爭
behaviour
n. 行動，舉止
absurd
adj. 荒唐的

當(dāng)我聽人們說體育運動可創(chuàng)造國家之間的友誼，還說各國民眾若在足球場或板球場上交鋒，就不愿在戰(zhàn)場上殘殺的時候，我總是驚愕不已。一個人即使不能從具體的事例（例如1936年的奧林匹克運動會）了解到國際運動比賽會導(dǎo)致瘋狂的仇恨，也可以從常理中推斷出結(jié)論。現(xiàn)在開展的體育運動幾乎都是競爭性的。參加比賽就是為了取勝。如果不拚命去贏，比賽就沒有什么意義了。在鄉(xiāng)間的草坪上，當(dāng)你隨意組成兩個隊，并且不涉及任何地方情緒時，那才可能是單純的為了娛樂和鍛煉而進(jìn)行比賽?？墒且涣可婕暗綐s譽(yù)問題，一旦你想到你和某一團(tuán)體會因為你輸而丟臉時，那么最野蠻的爭斗天性便會激發(fā)起來。即使是僅僅參加過學(xué)校足球賽的人也有種體會。在國際比賽中，體育簡直是一場模擬戰(zhàn)爭。但是，要緊的還不是運動員的行為，而是觀眾的態(tài)度，以及觀眾身后各個國家的態(tài)度。面對著這些荒唐的比賽，參賽的各個國家會如癡如狂，甚至煞有介事地相信 -- 至少在短期內(nèi)如此 -- 跑跑、跳跳、踢踢球是對一個民族品德素質(zhì)的檢驗。

goodwill=friendship n.友好
goodwill games:友好運動會
goodwill visit:友好訪問
pay a goodwill visit to
official visit:官方正式訪問
state visit:國事訪問
cricket n.板球 as merry as a cricket(蟋蟀) 形容心情高興，快樂無比
inclinationn. 意愿
inclinev.
be inclined to do sth表示強(qiáng)烈的意愿
I am inclined to take toefl.
willing
show inclination tofollow one's inclination 隨心所欲
contestn. 比賽
近義詞：competition game match tournament race
contest:a group of judges
beauty contest選美比賽
competition:socially 抽象使用
Social competition is fierce.
Dog eat dog.人吃人。形容競爭激烈。
game:physically ,mentally
match:quite important
China won the 2002 World Cup match.
tournament:淘汰賽，巡回賽。
race:以速度見長
cycle racing 自行車比賽
car racing 賽車
orgy n.恣意，放蕩
revelry in 狂歡
I revelry in my success.
on a spree
The girl is on a shoping spree.
competitive
combative-貶義詞同 aggressive
competitive-褒義詞／中性詞
competitor-競爭者
compete with sb. for sth.
pick up 隨意挑選
side 隊
patriotismn.地方觀眾，愛國主義
patriot:愛國者patriotic:愛國的

involvevt.卷入
involve oneself in scandal be involved in
prestigen.聲譽(yù)
prestigious a.享有聲譽(yù)的 Qinghua university is very prestigious.
近義詞：fame renown(renowned 著名的) reputation eminence
disgracevt.使丟臉
grace,graceful-graceless
disgraceful 丟臉 Your essay is very guaceful.
fame-defamehonor-dishonor
stigmaa(污點) vt.stigmatizeRobbery stigmatizes him.
savagen.野性的
inhuman 殘忍無比 nonhuman （非人類的）
mercy-mercilessruth-ruthless
beastly
combative a.好斗的
frankly ad.坦率地
Frankly speaking(To be frank) 坦白的說candid 坦白的straightly 直率的
mimic a.與……相似
mimic-只用作定語
similar-可作定語和表語 Our ideas are similar. We have similar ideas.
alike-只作表語
Great minds think alike.英雄所見略同。
behaviour 行動舉止
Behave oneself.規(guī)矩點兒。
attituden.態(tài)度
spectatorn.觀眾
audience 聽眾 audial 聽
visual
spectacle: 壯麗景色；眼鏡
viewer電視觀眾
work…into…引起…注意…
into 后接表示感情的詞
furyn.狂熱
furious a.—強(qiáng)于 anger,annoyance,aggravation
rage---suddenly & quickly
absurda.荒唐的
近義詞 illogical irrational senseless ridiculous
r 開頭的形容詞的反義詞前面加 ir
l 開頭的形容詞的反義詞前面加 il
at any rate 無論，至少＝at least

amazed: surprised,astound,astonished
前兩個詞都可以用作表語和主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，后兩個詞只有表語結(jié)構(gòu)。
The news surprised me.
I was surprised by the news.
I am astonished to hear the news.
You should not say”The news astonished me”.
hear(watch,notice,see)sb.do/doing
if only:
1. 表虛擬，當(dāng)“真好”講,后面無任何主從句。
If only I had a pair of wings.我要有雙翅膀就好了。
If only I could fly to the moon.
2. 作為條件句＝as long as，后面須有主句。
deduce:推導(dǎo)
the background of the 1936 Olympic games :二戰(zhàn)時在德國柏林舉行，希特勒舉辦的目的為
了宣傳他的 national supremacy(民主優(yōu)越性)。然而，事與愿違，本屆奧運會出現(xiàn)了
一位獨領(lǐng)風(fēng)騷的田徑大王－美國黑人運動員，杰西•歐文斯，他共獲得 4 枚金牌，
讓希特勒 disgrace(顏面盡失)，后人評論“the 1936 Olympin games is a mistake”,而
且稱為 political tragedy,影射希特勒的種族歧視，導(dǎo)致極端的仇恨，引發(fā)二戰(zhàn)。
neagly all 基本肯定
green: 綠地
aroused:被激發(fā)起來
frankly: 真正的
mimic warfare:模擬戰(zhàn)爭
battle field-fight to win,commander,do your utmost,blood,lose life,machine guns
sport field—play to win,coach,do your best ,sweat,lose life,hand leg foot
fury over 對…憤怒
virtue:quality