金正恩訪(fǎng)越，可能去哪些地方？

Kim Jong-un, the North Korean leader, arrived in Vietnam early Tuesday, as he prepared to meet with President Trump to discuss a range of thorny diplomatic issues, including the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula.
朝鮮領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人金正恩于周二早間抵達(dá)越南，準(zhǔn)備與特朗普總統(tǒng)會(huì)晤，探討一系列棘手的外交問(wèn)題，包括朝鮮半島的無(wú)核化。
However the summit meeting turns out, Mr. Kim’s trip to Vietnam will be symbolic in other ways. That is partly because Vietnam and North Korea have a long friendship that includes cooperation during the Vietnam War, as well as complex relationships with China, their mutual neighbor.
無(wú)論此次峰會(huì)結(jié)果如何，金正恩的越南之旅還將在其他方面具有象征意義。這部分是因?yàn)樵侥虾统r有著長(zhǎng)期的友誼，其中包括在越南戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的合作，也包括兩國(guó)與其共同的鄰居中國(guó)的復(fù)雜關(guān)系。
South Korea and the United States also see Vietnam’s postwar reconciliation with old enemies — and its booming economic growth of the last few decades — as a potential model for Mr. Kim’s government to follow. His movements and comments in Vietnam may offer a glimpse of whether he agrees.
韓國(guó)和美國(guó)還將越南與昔日敵人的戰(zhàn)后和解——及其過(guò)去幾十年來(lái)蓬勃的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)——視為金正恩政府可以效仿的一個(gè)可能模式。金正恩是否也這么想，從他在越南的舉動(dòng)和言論中或許可以得到一些提示。
Mr. Kim arrived by armored train at the China-Vietnam border around 8:20 a.m. Hanoi time, and got into a motorcade heading south toward the capital. Here’s a rundown of where Mr. Kim may go in Vietnam, and the political and historical symbolism that would lie just below the surface.
金正恩于河內(nèi)時(shí)間早8:20左右乘坐裝甲火車(chē)抵達(dá)中越邊境，之后轉(zhuǎn)為護(hù)送車(chē)隊(duì)向南出發(fā)前往越南首都。以下介紹了金正恩在越南可能造訪(fǎng)的地點(diǎn)，以及其所蘊(yùn)含的更深層的政治和歷史象征意義。

War’s shadow
戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)陰影
Mr. Kim traveled from North Korea to the Vietnamese border via China in a famously slow, bulletproof train. The train arrived in Dong Dang, one of the places Chinese troops crossed into Vietnam in 1979, setting off a brief but bloody border war.

金正恩從朝鮮前往越南邊境的行程經(jīng)由中國(guó)，乘坐的是出了名的慢速防彈火車(chē)。列車(chē)抵達(dá)的同登站是1979年中國(guó)部隊(duì)進(jìn)入越南，發(fā)起一場(chǎng)短暫、慘烈的邊境戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的地點(diǎn)之一。
That war came during a strained period in Vietnamese-North Korean relations.
那場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)正值越朝關(guān)系的緊張時(shí)期。
Pyongyang recognized Vietnam’s nascent Communist regime in 1950, four years before the country gained independence from France. It would later join China in providing material and personnel to North Vietnam for its war against the United States.
平壤方面于1950年承認(rèn)了新成立的越南共產(chǎn)主義政權(quán)，比越南從法國(guó)獨(dú)立早四年。在后來(lái)北越與美國(guó)的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中，朝鮮還和中國(guó)一道為其提供了物資和人員支持。
But Vietnam’s 1978 invasion of Cambodia prompted North Korea, an ally of the Khmer Rouge, to provide sanctuary to Prince Norodom Sihanouk of Cambodia. The prince later spent years splitting his time between villas in Beijing and Pyongyang.
但1978年越南入侵柬埔寨，促使紅色高棉政權(quán)盟友朝鮮為柬埔寨的諾羅敦·西哈努克親王(Norodom Sihanouk)提供了庇護(hù)。西哈努克親王后來(lái)分別在北京和平壤的宅邸居住。
Relations between Vietnam and China, meanwhile, were not restored until 1991.
與此同時(shí)，越南與中國(guó)的關(guān)系直至1991年才恢復(fù)。

Comrades’ graves
同志們的墳?zāi)?/b>
From the border, Mr. Kim is expected to travel, perhaps in his armored Mercedes-Benz limousine, through several northern Vietnamese provinces. One would be Bac Giang, where hundreds of North Korean Air Force personnel were deployed during the Vietnam War — a symbol of trust and cooperation between the two countries.
從邊境出發(fā)，金正恩預(yù)計(jì)可能乘坐他的梅賽德斯奔馳防彈豪華轎車(chē)穿越北越幾省。其中一站將會(huì)是北江省(Bac Giang)。越南戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)期間，數(shù)百名朝鮮空軍人員曾被部署于此，作為兩國(guó)互信與合作的象征。
Like Russian military officers who were sent to support Communist forces against the American-backed South Vietnamese regime, North Korean pilots wore Vietnamese uniforms and used their hosts’ aircraft, facilities and equipment. Their remains were repatriated from Vietnam to North Korea in 2002, but their graves still stand in a Bac Giang rice paddy.
和受命前來(lái)抗擊美國(guó)所支持的南越政權(quán)、支援共產(chǎn)主義武裝的俄國(guó)軍官一樣，朝鮮飛行員穿著越南制服，使用的是越南的飛機(jī)、設(shè)施和裝備。他們的遺體于2002年被從越南遣送至朝鮮，但在北江的稻田中仍然可以看到他們的墳冢。
“When they died, Vietnamese people treated them the same as Vietnamese martyrs who sacrificed for the country,” Duong Van Dau, the memorial’s caretaker, recently told The Associated Press.
“他們犧牲后，越南人像對(duì)待為國(guó)捐軀的越南烈士一樣對(duì)待他們，”陵園管理員楊文鈄（Duong Van Dau，音）近期告訴美聯(lián)社(The Associated Press)。

Economic lessons
經(jīng)濟(jì)課
From Bac Giang, Mr. Kim’s vehicle could head southwest through Bac Ninh Province, the site of a giant mobile phone factory owned by the South Korean conglomerate Samsung, the largest foreign investor in Vietnam.
從北江出發(fā)，金正恩的座駕可能會(huì)向西南行駛，穿越北寧省(Bac Ninh)，那里有越南第一大外國(guó)投資商、韓國(guó)企業(yè)集團(tuán)三星(Samsung)旗下的一家巨型手機(jī)制造廠(chǎng)。
The factory is a potent symbol of how foreign investment has helped transform Vietnam’s economy since the late 1980s, when the ruling Communist Party — unlike North Korea’s leadership — embarked on a campaign of so-called Open Door economic reforms.
這家工廠(chǎng)是一個(gè)有力的象征，標(biāo)志著1980年代末以來(lái)外國(guó)投資如何幫助越南經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型。與朝鮮領(lǐng)導(dǎo)層不同的是，當(dāng)時(shí)執(zhí)政的越南共產(chǎn)黨發(fā)起了一場(chǎng)名為“革新”的經(jīng)濟(jì)改革運(yùn)動(dòng)。
Vietnam normalized relations with South Korea in 1992; it is now Seoul’s fourth-largest trading partner, with two-way trade valued last year at $62.6 billion.
1992年，越南與韓國(guó)實(shí)現(xiàn)關(guān)系正常化；它現(xiàn)在是韓國(guó)的第四大貿(mào)易伙伴，去年雙邊貿(mào)易額為626億美元。
A North Korean delegation recently toured Bac Ninh, fueling speculation that Mr. Kim might visit the Samsung factory this week.
前不久，一個(gè)朝鮮代表團(tuán)參觀(guān)了北寧，這令外界進(jìn)一步猜測(cè)金正恩本周可能參觀(guān)三星工廠(chǎng)。

Colonial echoes
殖民時(shí)代的回響
In Hanoi, the Vietnamese capital, Mr. Kim is expected to meet with Mr. Trump on Wednesday and Thursday at one of two downtown venues.
在越南首都河內(nèi)，預(yù)計(jì)金正恩將于周三和周四在市中心的兩個(gè)地點(diǎn)之一會(huì)見(jiàn)特朗普。
One is the Government Guest House, the former residence of the colonial governor of Tonkin, the name for northern Vietnam during the French colonial period. The building became the headquarters of a transitional government led by the Communist revolutionary Ho Chi Minh, who declared Vietnam’s independence from France in 1945.
其中一處是政府賓館，它是殖民時(shí)期的東京總督官邸——東京是法國(guó)殖民時(shí)期北越的名字。后來(lái)這座建筑成了共產(chǎn)黨革命者胡志明領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的過(guò)渡政府的總部，1945年，胡志明宣布越南從法國(guó)獨(dú)立。
Another option is said to be the colonial-era Sofitel Legend Metropole Hanoi, where Senator John McCain of Arizona liked to stay and chat with reporters on his trips to Vietnam. (That is not to be confused with the “Hanoi Hilton,” the darkly comic nickname for the Hanoi prison where Mr. McCain was once held as a prisoner of war.)
另一個(gè)選擇據(jù)說(shuō)會(huì)是殖民時(shí)代落成的河內(nèi)索菲特傳奇大都會(huì)酒店，亞利桑那州參議員約翰·麥凱恩(John McCain)在訪(fǎng)問(wèn)越南期間喜歡在這里下榻，和記者交談。（注意它與“河內(nèi)希爾頓酒店”并非一個(gè)地方，后者是麥凱恩給河內(nèi)監(jiān)獄起的黑色幽默綽號(hào)，他曾作為戰(zhàn)俘被關(guān)押在那里。）
One of the Metropole’s other famous guests was the American folk singer Joan Baez, who sheltered in the hotel’s underground bunker during the December 1972 bombing of Hanoi. The bunker’s exact location remained a mystery for years after the war — until 2011, when it was discovered by workers who were building a poolside bar.
大都會(huì)酒店的另一位著名客人是美國(guó)民謠歌手瓊·貝茲(Joan Baez)，1972年12月河內(nèi)轟炸期間，貝茲就躲在這家酒店的地下防空洞里。防空洞的確切位置在戰(zhàn)后多年里一直是個(gè)謎，直到2011年被修建泳池酒吧的工人發(fā)現(xiàn)。

Dear leaders
親愛(ài)的領(lǐng)袖
The rest of Mr. Kim’s Hanoi itinerary is still shrouded in secrecy. But one logical stop would be the Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum, a few blocks from the North Korean Embassy.
金正恩在河內(nèi)的其余行程仍處于保密狀態(tài)。但是一個(gè)理所當(dāng)然的去處應(yīng)該是距離朝鮮大使館幾個(gè)街區(qū)的胡志明墓。
Ho is one of several Communist leaders to be embalmed in recent decades; others include Mr. Kim’s father and grandfather, Kim Jong-il and Kim Il-sung. The North Korean foreign minister, Ri Yong-ho, attended a wreath-laying ceremony at the mausoleum when he visited Hanoi in December.
胡志明是近幾十年來(lái)遺體得到防腐保存的幾名共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人之一；金正恩的父親金正日(Kim Jong-il)和祖父金日成(Kim Il-sung)也屬其列。朝鮮外交部長(zhǎng)李英浩(Ri Yong-ho)去年12月訪(fǎng)問(wèn)河內(nèi)期間參加了在陵墓舉行的敬獻(xiàn)花圈儀式。
And what about dinner? If Mr. Kim’s diplomatic entourage chooses to dine out, they might consider Pyongyang, one of several state-run North Korean restaurants worldwide, located in Hanoi. The restaurants have traditionally helped to raise hard currency for the regime. But critics say they are sites for money laundering, and waitresses occasionally defect.
晚餐呢？如果金正恩的外交隨行人員選擇外出就餐，他們可能會(huì)考慮平壤餐廳。河內(nèi)的平壤餐廳是世界各地的幾家朝鮮國(guó)營(yíng)餐廳之一。傳統(tǒng)上，這些餐館幫助朝鮮政府籌集硬通貨。但批評(píng)人士表示，它們同時(shí)是洗錢(qián)的場(chǎng)所，偶爾還會(huì)有女服務(wù)員叛逃。

Down by the bay?
前往海灣？
When a senior North Korean official known as Mr. Kim’s “butler” traveled to Vietnam last week, he stopped in Halong Bay, a popular tourist destination near the northern port city of Haiphong.
一位被稱(chēng)為金正恩的“管家”的朝鮮高級(jí)官員上周訪(fǎng)問(wèn)越南時(shí)，曾在北部港口城市海防(Haiphong)附近的熱門(mén)旅游勝地下龍灣停留。
If Mr. Kim also makes the journey to Halong Bay, he would follow in the footsteps of his grandfather, who traveled there in 1964. The younger Kim, who has reportedly taken a great interest in North Korea’s tourism industry, may see Halong Bay as a useful model for how to develop a big-name tourist attraction.
如果金正恩效仿祖父，他也會(huì)前往下龍灣一游。金日成曾于1964年前往下龍灣。據(jù)報(bào)道，金正恩對(duì)發(fā)展朝鮮旅游業(yè)非常感興趣，他可能會(huì)將下龍灣視為開(kāi)發(fā)著名旅游景點(diǎn)的有益模式。
The factories of nearby Haiphong, meanwhile, which manufacture products for companies like LG Electronics of South Korea, could be a lesson for Mr. Kim in how to attract foreign investment.
與此同時(shí)，海防附近為韓國(guó)LG電子(LG Electronics)等公司生產(chǎn)產(chǎn)品的工廠(chǎng)，可以給金正恩上一堂吸引外國(guó)投資的課程。