China launched a relay satellite early Monday to set up a communication link between Earth and the planned Chang'e-4 lunar probe that will explore the mysterious far side of Moon, which can not be seen from Earth.
中國于21日凌晨發(fā)射中繼衛(wèi)星,將為將來實(shí)施的嫦娥四號月球背面軟著陸探測任務(wù)提供地月間的中繼通信。
The satellite, named Queqiao (Magpie Bridge), was carried by a Long March-4C rocket that blasted off at 5:28 a.m. from southwest China's Xichang Satellite Launch Center, according to the China National Space Administration (CNSA).
據(jù)中國國家航天局消息,這顆衛(wèi)星名為鵲橋,由長征四號丙運(yùn)載火箭于5時(shí)28分在西昌衛(wèi)星發(fā)射中心發(fā)射升空。
這是世界首顆運(yùn)行于地月拉格朗日L2點(diǎn)(簡稱地月L2點(diǎn))的通信衛(wèi)星,將為2018年底擇機(jī)實(shí)施的嫦娥四號月球背面軟著陸探測任務(wù)提供地月間的中繼通信。
"The launch is a key step for China to realize its goal of being the first country to send a probe to soft-land on and rove the far side of the Moon," said Zhang Lihua, manager of the relay satellite project.
中國航天科技集團(tuán)有限公司五院“鵲橋”號中繼星項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理張立華說,“鵲橋的發(fā)射是中國成為首個(gè)實(shí)現(xiàn)探測器月球背面軟著陸和巡視勘察的國家的關(guān)鍵一步。”
長征四號丙運(yùn)載火箭飛行25分鐘后,星箭分離,將“鵲橋”直接送入近地點(diǎn)高度200公里,遠(yuǎn)地點(diǎn)高度40萬公里的預(yù)定地月轉(zhuǎn)移軌道,衛(wèi)星太陽翼和中繼通信天線相繼展開正常。
About 25 minutes after liftoff, the satellite separated from the rocket and entered an Earth-Moon transfer orbit with the perigee at 200 km and the apogee at about 400,000 km. The solar panels and the communication antennas were unfolded.
perigee ['perid?i:]:近地點(diǎn)
apogee ['æp?d?i]:遠(yuǎn)地點(diǎn)
后續(xù),“鵲橋”將經(jīng)中途修正、近月制動和月球借力,進(jìn)入月球至地月L2點(diǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)移軌道,通過3次捕獲控制和修正后,最終進(jìn)入環(huán)繞地月L2點(diǎn)的使命軌道,地月L2點(diǎn)是衛(wèi)星相對于地球和月球基本保持靜止的一個(gè)空間點(diǎn)。
Queqiao is expected to enter a halo orbit around the second Lagrangian (L2) point of the Earth-Moon system, about 455,000 km from the Earth.
It will be the world's first communication satellite operating in that orbit.
科普:地月拉格朗日L2點(diǎn)
the second Lagrangian [l?'grænd?i?n] (L2) point of the Earth-Moon system
拉格朗日點(diǎn)又稱為平動點(diǎn),于1772年由法國數(shù)學(xué)家拉格朗日推算得出,是指一個(gè)小物體在兩大物體的引力作用下,小物體相對于它們基本保持靜止的空間點(diǎn)。
該空間點(diǎn)有五個(gè),分別為L1、L2、L3、L4、L5。在拉格朗日點(diǎn)上,探測器消耗很少的燃料即可長期駐留。
“鵲橋”號中繼星項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理張立華說,“鵲橋”還攜帶了由荷蘭研制的低頻射電探測儀,未來將開展在軌科學(xué)探測試驗(yàn)。
執(zhí)行此次發(fā)射任務(wù)的長征四號丙運(yùn)載火箭是長征四號系列運(yùn)載火箭第一次在西昌衛(wèi)星發(fā)射中心承擔(dān)發(fā)射任務(wù)。這是長征系列運(yùn)載火箭第275次發(fā)射。此次還搭載發(fā)射了“龍江一號”“龍江二號”兩顆月球軌道編隊(duì)超長波天文觀測微衛(wèi)星。
為什么要搭建地月“鵲橋”?
由于月球繞地球公轉(zhuǎn)的周期與月球自轉(zhuǎn)的周期相同,所以月球總有一面背對著地球,這一面稱之為月球背面。
著陸在月球背面的探測器由于受到月球自身的遮擋,無法直接實(shí)現(xiàn)與地球的測控通信和數(shù)據(jù)傳輸。
“鵲橋”號中繼星將在地月連線延長線的L2點(diǎn)附近,圍繞L2點(diǎn)飛行,實(shí)現(xiàn)對地、對月中繼通信,保障嫦娥四號任務(wù)實(shí)施,其到月球的平均距離約為6.5萬公里,距地球40多萬公里。
Chinese scientists and engineers hope the Queqiao satellite will form a communication bridge between controllers on Earth and the far side of the Moon where the Chang'e-4 lunar probe is expected to touch down later this year.
中國科學(xué)家和工程師希望“鵲橋”號中繼星能夠成為架設(shè)在月球背面與地球之間的“通信中繼站”。嫦娥四號月球背面軟著陸探測任務(wù)將在年底擇機(jī)實(shí)施。