中國(guó)計(jì)劃增加遠(yuǎn)洋漁船隊(duì)捕撈量

China plans to increase the catch from its far-sea fishing fleet as it clamps down on fishing in its own heavily depleted waters, in a move likely to heighten maritime tension with other coastal nations.

中國(guó)計(jì)劃增加本國(guó)遠(yuǎn)洋漁船隊(duì)的捕撈量，同時(shí)在魚(yú)類資源嚴(yán)重耗竭的本國(guó)水域?qū)嵭薪麧O期制度，此舉可能加劇中國(guó)與其他沿海國(guó)家之間的海上緊張。

The state-subsidised long-distance fleet is targeting an increase in its annual catch from 2m tonnes in 2016 to 2.3m tonnes in 2020, according to the agricultural ministry. Some 90m tonnes of wild fish were caught globally in 2016, according to the UN.

根據(jù)中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部的數(shù)據(jù)，國(guó)家補(bǔ)貼的中國(guó)遠(yuǎn)洋漁船隊(duì)的年度捕撈目標(biāo)將從2016年的200萬(wàn)噸增至2020年的230萬(wàn)噸。據(jù)聯(lián)合國(guó)統(tǒng)計(jì)，2016年全球約有9000萬(wàn)噸野生魚(yú)類被捕撈。

China’s far-ocean fleet increased its catch by nearly 50 per cent over the five years to 2016, according to China’s agricultural ministry. The haul — often sold to Chinese fish processors that export to Europe and the US — has fuelled international concerns over dwindling fish stocks and illegal fishing in territorial waters.

根據(jù)中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部的數(shù)據(jù)，中國(guó)遠(yuǎn)洋漁船隊(duì)的捕撈量已在截至2016年的五年里增加近50%。這些漁獲往往被出售給出口到歐洲和美國(guó)的中國(guó)魚(yú)類加工商，引發(fā)國(guó)際社會(huì)對(duì)魚(yú)類存量減少和在別國(guó)領(lǐng)海非法捕魚(yú)的擔(dān)憂。

Chinese fishermen have been involved in clashes with coastguards of countries as far away as Argentina, Ecuador and Guinea. China’s fuel subsidies for its fishing fleet were a key topic of debate at a December World Trade Organization ministerial meeting in Buenos Aires but Beijing did not agree to end the payments.

迄今中國(guó)漁民已經(jīng)與多個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)國(guó)家的海警發(fā)生沖突，包括阿根廷、厄瓜多爾和幾內(nèi)亞。去年12月，在布宜諾斯艾利斯舉行的世界貿(mào)易組織(WTO)部長(zhǎng)級(jí)會(huì)議上，中國(guó)對(duì)本國(guó)漁船隊(duì)的燃料補(bǔ)貼是一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的辯論議題，但北京方面并未同意停止這些支付。

China said ahead of the meeting that it would cap its number of far-ocean fishing vessels at 2,000 by 2020 — an increase of roughly 100 from the current level. However, that quota does not prevent Chinese fishing companies from using bigger boats.

中國(guó)在會(huì)前表示，到2020年它將對(duì)遠(yuǎn)洋漁船數(shù)量實(shí)行2000艘的上限——比目前水平增加約100艘。但是，這一額度并不阻止中國(guó)漁業(yè)公司使用更大的漁船。

Two 77-metre distant-water squid-fishing boats were completed in the eastern province of Fujian last month, following the December launch in southern Guangdong province of two 51m vessels set to fish off the coast of Mauritania.

兩艘77米長(zhǎng)的遠(yuǎn)洋魷魚(yú)捕撈船上月在福建省完工，此前兩艘51米長(zhǎng)、將在毛里塔尼亞沿海進(jìn)行捕撈作業(yè)的漁船12月在廣東省下水。

Local governments have ambitious plans for new launches, with Fujian planning to add 150 ships by 2020. Companies are building fish-processing facilities in Africa under the banner of Beijing’s Belt and Road Initiative.

地方政府有雄心勃勃的新船建造計(jì)劃，其中福建省計(jì)劃到2020年新增150艘船舶。企業(yè)正在北京方面“一帶一路倡議”(Belt and Road Initiative)的大旗下在非洲建設(shè)魚(yú)類加工設(shè)施。

“China’s local governments are still ambitious to stimulate the industry’s expansion, and reform of fishing subsidies is not yet on the agenda,” said Bolei Liu, a fisheries analyst at Greenpeace.

“中國(guó)的地方政府仍在雄心勃勃地希望刺激遠(yuǎn)洋漁業(yè)擴(kuò)張，漁業(yè)補(bǔ)貼的改革尚未提上日程，”綠色和平組織(Greenpeace)漁業(yè)分析師Bolei Liu表示。

“China’s far-ocean fishing industry urgently needs to apply the brakes, to prevent it from becoming an issue that damages China’s international image,” he added.

“中國(guó)的遠(yuǎn)洋漁業(yè)急需剎車，以免它變成一個(gè)損害中國(guó)國(guó)際形象的問(wèn)題，”他補(bǔ)充說(shuō)。

The expansion comes as coastal areas around China pay fishermen to scrap small near-sea boats after fish stocks plummeted. China’s agricultural ministry in 2016 conceded that there were practically “no fish” left in the East China Sea.

推動(dòng)遠(yuǎn)洋漁業(yè)擴(kuò)張之際，隨著本國(guó)沿海的魚(yú)類資源存量大幅減少，中國(guó)沿海地區(qū)紛紛補(bǔ)貼漁民報(bào)廢小型近海漁船。中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部在2016年承認(rèn)，東海實(shí)際上“沒(méi)有魚(yú)”了。

Separately, Beijing on Monday announced its first ever seasonal ban on fishing in the Yellow river — the country’s second-longest waterway -— which will last three months and follows similar moratoriums on the Yangtze and Pearl rivers as the country seeks to restore stocks decimated by pollution and overfishing.

此外，北京周一宣布首次在黃河(中國(guó)第二長(zhǎng)的水道)實(shí)行季節(jié)性的禁漁期，為期三個(gè)月，此前長(zhǎng)江和珠江已實(shí)行類似的禁漁期。這些措施的目的是試圖恢復(fù)受到污染和過(guò)度捕撈重創(chuàng)的魚(yú)類資源。