日本企業(yè)遭遇嚴(yán)重用工短缺

Japanese companies are scouring the country for workers and offering more attractive permanent contracts as they struggle to overcome the worst labour shortages in 40 years.

日本企業(yè)正在國(guó)內(nèi)四處搜羅工人，并提供更有吸引力的終身制雇傭合同。這些企業(yè)正努力克服40年來(lái)最嚴(yán)重的勞動(dòng)力短缺。

Companies across a range of sectors — from construction to aged care — have warned in recent days that a lack of staff is starting to hit their business.

從建筑業(yè)到老年護(hù)理行業(yè)等多個(gè)行業(yè)的日本企業(yè)近日都警告稱(chēng)，用工短缺正開(kāi)始影響它們的業(yè)務(wù)。

The hiring difficulties highlight Japan’s declining population and the strength of its economy after five years of economic stimulus under Prime Minister Shinzo Abe.

日本企業(yè)用工難凸顯出該國(guó)人口的萎縮，也凸顯出日本首相安倍晉三(Shinzo Abe)實(shí)施經(jīng)濟(jì)刺激5年后其經(jīng)濟(jì)的強(qiáng)勁勢(shì)頭。

“Delays to construction projects are becoming chronic,” said Motohiro Nagashima, president of Toli Corporation, one of Japan’s biggest makers of floor coverings.

日本最大地材制造商之一東理株式會(huì)社(Toli Corporation)總經(jīng)理永嶋元博(Motohiro Nagashima)表示：“工期推遲正變成一個(gè)長(zhǎng)期性問(wèn)題。”

Announcing first-half results, he said that sales fell 1 per cent instead of the company’s projected 2 per cent rise, because widespread shortages of construction workers were delaying office and commercial projects in the Tokyo area.

在宣布今年上半年業(yè)績(jī)時(shí)，永嶋表示，公司原本預(yù)期在此期間銷(xiāo)售額將上升2%，但實(shí)際上銷(xiāo)售額反而下降了1%，原因是建筑工人的普遍短缺使東京地區(qū)的辦公樓和商用項(xiàng)目工期推遲。

One way companies are tackling shortages is by offering more generous permanent contracts, which provide job security and pension benefits. That policy has broken a decades-long trend towards more part-time and contract work.

日本企業(yè)應(yīng)對(duì)用工短缺的一種方法是提供更優(yōu)渥的終身制雇傭合同，合同提供工作保障和養(yǎng)老金福利。這種策略打破了日本10年來(lái)傾向于提供更多兼職和合同工作的趨勢(shì)。

Panasonic Age Free, a division of the electronics company that provides social care, last week offered permanent contracts to all the staff at its hundreds of homes and daycare centres.

電子公司松下(Panasonic)旗下提供社會(huì)化護(hù)理服務(wù)的公司Panasonic Age Free上周為其數(shù)百家家庭護(hù)理和日間護(hù)理中心的所有員工提供了終身制雇傭合同。

The company has 1,500 staff on six-month contracts, but from April next year those with a year of service will be eligible to become permanent employees with pensions, bonuses and a guaranteed job until retirement.

該公司有1500名員工簽訂的是6個(gè)月的合同，但從明年4月起，那些在該公司工作達(dá)1年的員工有資格轉(zhuǎn)為終身制員工，享受養(yǎng)老金、獎(jiǎng)金和可在該公司工作到退休的工作保障條款。

Staff shortages are especially acute in elderly care as rapid growth in demand collides with the tight labour market. The company said it hoped to offset higher staff costs with lower spending on recruitment.

由于老年護(hù)理行業(yè)用工需求的快速增長(zhǎng)與緊張的勞動(dòng)力市場(chǎng)相互沖突，這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的用工短缺尤為嚴(yán)重。Panasonic Age Free表示，希望能夠通過(guò)降低招聘支出來(lái)抵消員工成本的上升。

“By reforming conditions, we want to hold on to part-time staff and get our leaving rate down to the low 10 per cent range within two or three years,” Eiichi Katayama, executive officer, told broadcaster NHK.

該公司社長(zhǎng)片山榮一(Eiichi Katayama)對(duì)廣播電視機(jī)構(gòu)日本放送協(xié)會(huì)(NHK)說(shuō)：“我們希望通過(guò)改革工作條件來(lái)留住兼職員工，在兩三年內(nèi)將我們的離職率降至10%出頭的水平。”

Oriental Land, which operates Tokyo Disneyland and Disney Sea, warned earlier this year that it was struggling to find staff to run its restaurants and rides. “Hiring is going to get harder and harder,” said Akinobu Yokota, a company executive. The group said last week it was now operating normally.

運(yùn)營(yíng)東京迪士尼樂(lè)園(Tokyo Disneyland)和東京迪士尼海洋(Toyko Disney Sea)的Oriental Land今年早些時(shí)候警告稱(chēng)，該公司難以招募運(yùn)營(yíng)園內(nèi)餐廳和游樂(lè)項(xiàng)目的員工。該公司高管Akinobu Yokota說(shuō)：“招人變得越來(lái)越難。”上周該公司表示目前運(yùn)營(yíng)正常。

The way companies are responding — using every means other than wage increases — suggests that shortages will not yet turn into higher inflation.

日本企業(yè)對(duì)于用工短缺的應(yīng)對(duì)方式——采取除了漲薪以外的所有手段——表明這種用工短缺還不會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)化為更高的通脹。

Irregular work has risen relentlessly from about 19 per cent of total employment when Japan’s bubble burst in 1990, to a peak of 37.9 per cent in 2015.

在日本，非固定工作在總就業(yè)中的比例從1990年日本經(jīng)濟(jì)泡沫破裂時(shí)的約19%不斷上升，到2015年達(dá)到了37.9%的峰值。

But there are now signs of stabilisation, with the percentage of irregular staff falling to 37.4 per cent in the third quarter of this year.

但這一比例現(xiàn)在有趨穩(wěn)的跡象，今年第三季度非固定工作雇員的比例降至37.4%。