雅加達(dá)特區(qū)前首長(zhǎng)鐘萬(wàn)學(xué)被判兩年徒刑

Basuki Tjahaja Purnama, Jakarta’s first Christian governor in decades and one of the most prominent non-Muslim politicians in Indonesian history, was sentenced to two years in prison for blasphemy on Tuesday, the latest indication of increasing religious conservatism in the world’s most populous Muslim nation.

周二，雅加達(dá)特區(qū)幾十年來的首位基督徒首長(zhǎng)、印度尼西亞史上最有名的非穆斯林政治人物之一鐘萬(wàn)學(xué)(Basuki Tjahaja Purnama)因犯褻瀆罪被判入獄兩年。這是這個(gè)全球穆斯林人口最多國(guó)家宗教保守主義傾向加劇的最新跡象。

Head judge Dwiarso Budi Santiarto read the verdict that Mr Purnama, widely known as Ahok, had “convincingly conducted a criminal act of blasphemy, and because of that we have imposed two years of imprisonment”.

主審法官德維阿索•布迪•桑蒂阿托(Dwiarso Budi Santiarto)宣讀了判詞，稱鐘萬(wàn)學(xué)“無(wú)疑從事了褻瀆神明的犯罪行為，因此我們判處兩年徒刑”。鐘萬(wàn)學(xué)小名“阿學(xué)”(Ahok)，很多人都知道他這個(gè)小名。

The case stems from an episode late last year on the campaign trail for the Jakarta gubernatorial election, when Mr Purnama gave a speech suggesting that some Muslim clerics were improperly citing a Koranic verse. Videos of his speech spread around the internet, arousing huge Islamist demonstrations against him. Mr Purnama ultimately lost his re-election bid in mid-April, an outcome widely chalked up to the candidate’s defiance of conservative Muslim figures.

該案源于去年底雅加達(dá)特區(qū)首長(zhǎng)競(jìng)選過程中發(fā)生的一件事。當(dāng)時(shí)，鐘萬(wàn)學(xué)在演說中暗示一些伊斯蘭教神職人員不當(dāng)引用《古蘭經(jīng)》(Koran)經(jīng)文。那次講話的視頻在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上廣泛傳播，導(dǎo)致伊斯蘭主義者舉行了針對(duì)他的大規(guī)模示威。鐘萬(wàn)學(xué)最終在4月中旬的選舉中落敗，未能實(shí)現(xiàn)連任。人們普遍認(rèn)為，這一結(jié)果是由他不向穆斯林保守派人物低頭造成的。

The hard-charging Mr Purnama was targeted by his political enemies as soon as he was promoted to governor in 2014, after Joko Widodo, the serving governor, was elected president of Indonesia. Thousands of protesters gathered then to demonstrate against the ascent of a non-Muslim to this crucial governorship.

2014年，時(shí)任雅加達(dá)特區(qū)首長(zhǎng)的佐科•維多多(Joko Widodo)當(dāng)選為印尼總統(tǒng)，雄心勃勃的鐘萬(wàn)學(xué)升任該特區(qū)首長(zhǎng)，而他也立刻就成為政敵的眼中釘。當(dāng)時(shí)，成千上萬(wàn)抗議者集會(huì)示威，反對(duì)一位非穆斯林升至這一至關(guān)重要的首長(zhǎng)崗位。

But for the first 18 months of Mr Purnama’s mandate as Jakarta governor, the Islamist groups had a hard time making trouble, as Jakartans overwhelmingly considered him to be non-corrupt and effective.

不過，鐘萬(wàn)學(xué)受命擔(dān)任雅加達(dá)特區(qū)首長(zhǎng)的最初18個(gè)月里，伊斯蘭主義組織很難找到制造事端的把柄，因?yàn)榻^大多數(shù)雅加達(dá)人都認(rèn)為他清廉高效。

Mr Purnama was seen as being in such a strong position for re-election in 2017 that major political parties lobbied for him to lead their ticket, with even some moderate Islamist parties ultimately endorsing his re-election bid.

鐘萬(wàn)學(xué)在2017年競(jìng)選連任的條件曾被相當(dāng)看好，以至于幾個(gè)主要政黨都來游說他代表自己的黨派競(jìng)選，就連一些溫和的伊斯蘭主義黨派最終也為他的競(jìng)選連任努力背書。

However, the campaign speech where Mr Purnama gave advice on how to properly interpret the Koran was the slip-up the hardliners had been looking for.

然而，鐘萬(wàn)學(xué)在競(jìng)選演說中就如何正確解讀《古蘭經(jīng)》提出了建議，而這是強(qiáng)硬派們一直在尋找的疏漏。

Mr Purnama’s camp says it will appeal against the prison sentence. The unexpected verdict is seen as merely the latest sign of the growing power of religious conservatives to shape national politics.

鐘萬(wàn)學(xué)陣營(yíng)表示，會(huì)就這一有期徒刑判決提起上訴。在一些人看來，這一出人意料的判決不過是宗教保守派塑造國(guó)家政治的力量越來越大的最新證明。

“This outcome means that reactionary voices will gain in legitimacy, it will strengthen religious conservatism here,” said Savic Ali, a progressive Muslim journalist and activist affiliated with Nahdlatul Ulama, Indonesia’s largest Muslim organisation. Mr Ali said he was worried that the court had been swayed by the crowds calling for Mr Purnama’s imprisonment, and that hardliners would now replicate the tactic of using mass demonstrations to protest against perceived blasphemy.

隸屬印尼最大穆斯林組織“伊斯蘭教士聯(lián)合會(huì)”(Nahdlatul Ulama)的進(jìn)步穆斯林記者兼活動(dòng)家薩維克•阿里(Savic Ali)表示：“這一結(jié)果意味著，反動(dòng)的聲音將獲得更大的合法性，這會(huì)強(qiáng)化這里的宗教保守主義。”阿里表示，他擔(dān)心法院受到了要求將鐘萬(wàn)學(xué)投入監(jiān)獄的群眾的左右，還擔(dān)心強(qiáng)硬派今后會(huì)再次使用這一利用群眾示威來抗議他們眼中褻瀆行為的戰(zhàn)術(shù)。

“It’s a huge risk. Blasphemy is relative. Many Muslim figures didn’t think Ahok insulted Islam,” he said, referring to the governor by his nickname.

他說：“這是個(gè)巨大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。褻瀆是相對(duì)的。許多穆斯林人士并不認(rèn)為阿學(xué)侮辱了伊斯蘭教。”他在這句話中提到了鐘萬(wàn)學(xué)的小名。

Shortly after Mr Purnama lost his election bid in April prosecutors recommended that he receive a suspended sentence that would have him avoid jail-time. But the judges overruled the prosecutor’s recommendation, opting to sentence him for two years.

今年4月鐘萬(wàn)學(xué)敗選后不久，檢方曾建議判處他緩刑、讓他躲過牢獄之災(zāi)。但法官們駁回了檢方的建議，選擇判處他兩年徒刑。

“We can only speculate about the political motives behind this, whether this was intended to further discredit Ahok and the team behind him,” said Charlotte Setijadi, visiting fellow at ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute in Singapore. “The sentence sends an intimidating message to aspiring politicians from ethnic and religious minority groups.”

新加坡尤索夫伊薩東南亞研究所(ISEAS-Yusof Ishak Institute)客座研究員夏洛特•塞蒂雅迪(Charlotte Setijadi)表示：“我們只能猜測(cè)這事背后的政治動(dòng)機(jī)，猜測(cè)這么做是否意在進(jìn)一步抹黑阿學(xué)和他背后的團(tuán)隊(duì)。該判決向在民族和宗教上屬于少數(shù)人群的有抱負(fù)的政治人士，發(fā)出了恐嚇信號(hào)。”

It comes at a time when Mr Widodo, Indonesia’s pluralist president and an ally of the embattled Mr Purnama, has been aggressively seeking to increase foreign investment but has been coming up short.

身陷困境的鐘萬(wàn)學(xué)的盟友、印尼推崇多元化的總統(tǒng)維多多一直在積極尋求擴(kuò)大外來投資，但結(jié)果卻一直令其失望。

“The case introduces a level of uncertainty and volatility in Indonesia that firms weren’t expecting,” said Douglas Ramage, managing director of Bower Group Asia, an investment advisory firm. “It’s one more thing that goes into the negative column when major firms are looking to make investments in the region.”

投資顧問公司Bower Group Asia董事總經(jīng)理道格拉斯•拉梅奇(Douglas Ramage)表示：“該案給印尼造成了一定程度的不確定性和波動(dòng)，這些是企業(yè)始料未及的。在大企業(yè)考慮投資該地區(qū)時(shí)，這會(huì)被列為又一項(xiàng)負(fù)面因素。”