中國(guó)風(fēng)電產(chǎn)業(yè)不滿限制風(fēng)電并網(wǎng)措施

China’s wind industry is considering legal actionagainst government ministries in three Chineseprovinces in an attempt to force the country to usemore wind energy, as systemic problems hinderBeijing’s commitment to cut fossil fuel use.

由于體制問(wèn)題一直阻礙著北京方面實(shí)現(xiàn)其減少化石燃料使用的承諾，中國(guó)風(fēng)電行業(yè)正考慮在三個(gè)省份采取針對(duì)政府部門的法律行動(dòng)，以設(shè)法推動(dòng)中國(guó)更多地使用風(fēng)電。

China has emerged as the world’s top region for windpower, accounting for a third of global installedcapacity after overtaking the EU last year, according to the Global Wind Energy Council. Butmuch of the electricity produced by its vast wind farms goes unused, with grids unable toaccommodate fluctuating sources of power and amid rising overcapacity in the country’s totalpower generation.

根據(jù)全球風(fēng)能理事會(huì)(Global Wind Energy Council)的數(shù)據(jù)，去年中國(guó)已超過(guò)歐盟，成為世界風(fēng)電裝機(jī)容量最高的地區(qū)，占全球風(fēng)電裝機(jī)容量的三分之一。但中國(guó)龐大風(fēng)力發(fā)電廠生產(chǎn)的很多電能并未得到利用，因?yàn)殡娋W(wǎng)接納不了不穩(wěn)定的電力來(lái)源，而且中國(guó)總發(fā)電量正處于產(chǎn)能過(guò)剩不斷上升時(shí)期。

China’s Wind Association said on Thursday it had given relevant ministries in the provinces ofGansu, Yunnan and Xinjiang two weeks to justify explicit curbs on wind power use by localgrids, and may pursue litigation depending on the response.

中國(guó)風(fēng)能協(xié)會(huì)(Wind Energy Association)周四表示，該協(xié)會(huì)已要求甘肅、云南、新疆三省相關(guān)部門在兩周時(shí)間內(nèi)，就明確限制風(fēng)電并入地方電網(wǎng)的規(guī)定作出解釋，并且可能根據(jù)回應(yīng)情況決定是否提起訴訟。

The National Energy Administration this week ordered grid companies “to plug in all renewablepower sources that comply with their technical standards”. However, it fell short of ensuringthe full utilisation that has long been required by law.

本周，中國(guó)國(guó)家能源局(National Energy Administration)下令要求電網(wǎng)公司“接入所有符合技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的可再生電力能源”。但這并不保證全額利用，而全額利用是法律早就規(guī)定的。

Chinese regulations require all wind power to be bought by the grid, to help meet the nationalgoal of reducing coal-fired power by 60 per cent over the next five years.

中國(guó)相關(guān)法規(guī)要求電網(wǎng)購(gòu)買所有的風(fēng)電，以幫助實(shí)現(xiàn)未來(lái)五年燃煤發(fā)電減少60%的國(guó)家目標(biāo)。

“We hope to use the law to solve this problem,” said Qin Haiyan, general secretary of the WindEnergy Association.

中國(guó)風(fēng)能協(xié)會(huì)秘書長(zhǎng)秦海巖表示：“我們希望用法律解決這一問(wèn)題。”

“For many years [local governments] have taken specific measures [to curb wind power use],so we want to know what legal backing they have,” said Mr Qin.

“多年來(lái)，(地方政府)采取了各種具體措施(限制風(fēng)電使用)，因此，我們想知道他們有什么法律依據(jù)，”秦海巖說(shuō)。

Chinese curtailment of wind power totalled 34bn kilowatt hours in 2015 — equivalent to theamount needed to power 8.5m UK households, according to the association. In winter, whencurtailment rates are highest, wastage reaches as high as 60 per cent in some provinces.

根據(jù)該協(xié)會(huì)的數(shù)據(jù)，中國(guó)2015年棄風(fēng)限電總量達(dá)到340億千瓦時(shí)，相當(dāng)于850萬(wàn)戶英國(guó)家庭的用電需求量。在棄風(fēng)率最高的冬季，某些省份的風(fēng)電浪費(fèi)高達(dá)60%。

The association estimates that wind power companies lost a total of Rmb18bn ($2.8bn)because of curtailment in 2015.

該協(xié)會(huì)估計(jì)，2015年，中國(guó)風(fēng)電企業(yè)因棄風(fēng)造成的損失共計(jì)180億元人民幣(合28億美元)。

Liu Zhenya, State Grid chairman, said on Wednesday that the need to use coal-fired plants thatdouble as residential heating providers in north-east China was part of the reason for thereduced use of wind power, and that “the approval process for wind power and for the grid aredifferent”.

國(guó)家電網(wǎng)(State Grid)董事長(zhǎng)劉振亞周三表示，東北地區(qū)把數(shù)量翻倍的火電廠用作住宅供暖提供商，這種需要是風(fēng)電使用減少的一部分原因，而且“審批風(fēng)電和電網(wǎng)項(xiàng)目不是同時(shí)的，不是協(xié)調(diào)的”。

However, wind power producers’ woes go beyond bureaucracy.

然而，風(fēng)電生產(chǎn)商面臨的困難遠(yuǎn)不止官僚作風(fēng)。

Wind companies in Yunnan province in south-west China say they were required tocompensate coal-fired power plants whose power was not being fully used. Yunnan has asurplus of power thanks to massive hydropower dams.

云南省的風(fēng)電公司表示，它們被要求為電力沒有得到全部使用的火電廠提供補(bǔ)償。得益于有大量的水電站，云南電力過(guò)剩。

In sparsely populated Xinjiang, where huge power projects are far from available markets,wind producers say they have been asked to curtail unless they have contracts to sell outsidethe region. But exports from Xinjiang and neighbouring regions in the remote north-west facegrowing competition as inland and coastal provinces install their own wind power projects tomeet provincial renewable energy quotas.

在人口稀疏的新疆地區(qū)，大型電力項(xiàng)目距離現(xiàn)有市場(chǎng)非常遠(yuǎn)，當(dāng)?shù)仫L(fēng)電場(chǎng)表示，它們被要求限制發(fā)電，除非它們與外省有供電合約。但隨著內(nèi)陸和沿海省份紛紛上馬自己的風(fēng)電項(xiàng)目以滿足本省的可再生能源配額，位于西北偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)的新疆及鄰近地區(qū)要向外輸出電力就面臨日益激烈的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。

Wind farms in regions with high degrees of curtailment are often forced by local governments tooffer power at a discount, despite higher official prices. Renewable energy subsidies from thefinance ministry take some time to come through and are not sufficient to compensate fortheir losses.

棄風(fēng)率較高地區(qū)的風(fēng)電場(chǎng)通常被地方政府強(qiáng)迫以折扣價(jià)供應(yīng)電力，盡管官方價(jià)格較高。而中國(guó)財(cái)政部的可再生能源補(bǔ)貼需要一段時(shí)間才會(huì)到位，并且也不足以補(bǔ)償它們的損失。

The wait has a huge impact on wind companies’ finances, according to Ying Yuan, aGreenpeace analyst. “Dispatch of the [subsidies] usually takes one year or even longer,” shesaid. “A lot of wind companies can’t afford this delay.”

綠色和平(Greenpeace)分析師Ying Yuan表示，這種拖延對(duì)風(fēng)電公司的財(cái)務(wù)影響很大。“(補(bǔ)貼)通常需要一年乃至更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間才發(fā)放下來(lái)，許多風(fēng)電公司經(jīng)不起這種拖延。”

Problems can arise even when wind is accepted by the grid. One wind company spokesperson,who did not want to be named, said her company had produced 50m kWh in 2015 for which ithad received no payment. She expects the problem to be worse next year.

即便風(fēng)電被并入電網(wǎng)，依然可能出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題。一位不愿透露姓名的風(fēng)電公司發(fā)言人表示，她所在公司在2015年的發(fā)電量是5000萬(wàn)千瓦時(shí)，但還沒有收到任何付款。她預(yù)計(jì)明年問(wèn)題會(huì)更嚴(yán)重。