零基礎(chǔ)學(xué)英語：any和some應(yīng)該怎么用

'Any' and 'some' are used in positive and negative statements as well as in questions. Generally speaking, 'any' is used in questions and for negative statements while 'some' is used in positive statements.

any和some用于肯定句、否定句及疑問句中。一般來說，any用于疑問句和否定句中，而some則用于肯定句中。

Is there any milk in the fridge?

冰箱里有牛奶嗎?

There aren't any people in the park today.

今天公園里一個人都沒有。

I have some friends in Chicago.

我在芝加哥有一些朋友。

There are exceptions, however, to this rule. Here's an explanation of how to use 'any' and 'some' correctly.

但是這條規(guī)則也存在例外。下面是對any和some的正確用法的說明。

Read the conversation below:

閱讀下面的對話：

Barbara: Is there any milk left?

牛奶還有剩的嗎?

Katherine: Yes, there is some in the bottle on the table.

是的，桌上的瓶子里還有一些。

Barbara: Would you like some milk?

你想喝點牛奶嗎?

Katherine: No, thank you. I don't think I'll drink any tonight. Could I have some water, please?

不用了，謝謝。今晚我不想喝牛奶。請問我能喝點水嗎?

Barbara: Sure. There is some in the fridge.

當(dāng)然，冰箱里還有一些。

In this example, Barbara asks 'Is there any milk left?' using 'any' because she doesn't know if there is milk or not. Katherine responds with 'some milk' because there is milk in the house. In other words, 'some' indicates that there is milk. The questions 'would you like some' and 'could I have some' refers to something that exists that is offered or requested.

在這個例子中，芭芭拉問道Is there any milk left?(牛奶還有剩的嗎?)，這句話中使用了any，因為她并不知道到底有沒有牛奶。凱瑟琳回答some milk(有一些牛奶)，因為家里有牛奶。也就是說，some表明牛奶是有的。疑問句would you like some和could I have some表示需要提供或要求的某物時存在的。

Barbara: Do you know anybody who comes from China?

你認(rèn)識的人中有來自中國的嗎?

Katherine: Yes, I think there is someone who is Chinese in my English class.

是的，我的英語課上就有個從中國來的人。

Barbara: Great, could you ask him some questions for me?

棒極了，你能幫我問他幾個問題嗎?

Katherine: No problem. Is there anything special you want me to ask?

沒問題。你有什么特別的問題嗎?

Barbara: No, I don't have anything in particular in mind. Maybe you could ask him some questions about life in China. Is that OK?

不，沒什么特別的問題。你可以問問他關(guān)于在中國的生活，行嗎?

Katherine: Sure.

當(dāng)然可以。

The same rules apply in this conversation, but are used for words made using 'some' or 'any'. The question 'Do you know anybody' is used because Barbara doesn't know if Katherine knows a person from China. Katherine then uses 'someone' to refer to a person she knows. The negative form of 'anything' is used in the sentence 'I don't have anything' because it is in the negative.

同樣的規(guī)則也被應(yīng)用在這個對話中，但都用上了含有some或any的詞語。因為芭芭拉不知道凱瑟琳是否認(rèn)識來自中國的人，所以使用了問句Do you know anybody?凱瑟琳使用someone來指代她認(rèn)識的某個人。句子I don't have anything中使用了anything的否定形式，因為該句為否定句。

Some / Any Rules

some和any的使用規(guī)則

Here are the rules for the use of 'some' and 'any' in positive and negative sentences, as well as in questions. Notice that 'some' and 'any' are used for both countable and uncountable (non count) nouns. Once you have studied the rules, take the follow up quiz to check your understanding.

下面是關(guān)于some和any在肯定句、否定句和否定句中的使用規(guī)則。注意，some和any后面既可以接可數(shù)名詞，也可以接不可數(shù)名詞。在學(xué)習(xí)這些規(guī)則后，完成后面的測試來檢測自己的掌握水平。

1.Some

Use 'some' in positive sentences. We use 'some' with both countable and uncountable nouns.

Some一般在肯定句中使用。Some后面既可以接可數(shù)名詞，也可以接不可數(shù)名詞。

I have some friends.

我有一些朋友。

She wants some ice cream.

她想吃點冰淇淋。

2.Any

Use 'any' in negative sentences or questions. We use any for both countable and uncountable nouns.

any一般用于否定句或疑問句。any后面既可以接可數(shù)名詞，也可以接不可數(shù)名詞

Do you have any cheese?

你有奶酪嗎?

Did you eat any grapes after dinner?

晚飯后你吃葡萄了嗎?

He doesn't have any friends in Chicago.

他在芝加哥一個朋友都沒有。

I don't wont any trouble.

我不想惹上任何麻煩。

We use 'some' in questions when offering or requesting something that is there.

黨提出建議或要求時，我們會在疑問句中使用some。

Would you like some bread? (offer)

你想吃點面包嗎?(建議)

Could I have some water? (request)

我能喝點水嗎?(要求)

Words with Some

含有some的詞語

Words such as 'somebody', 'something', 'somewhere' which include 'some' follow the same rules. Use 'some' words - somebody, someone, somewhere and something - in positive sentences.

類似于somebody 、something 、somewhere等含有some的詞語也遵循相同的規(guī)則。含有some的詞語——somebody、someone、somewhere和something一般用于肯定句。

He lives somewhere near here.

他住在離這不遠(yuǎn)的地方。

He needs something to eat.

他需要吃點東西。

Peter wants to speak to someone at the store.

皮特想和商店里的一個人聊天。

Words with Any

含有any的詞語

Words with 'any' such as: 'anybody', 'anyone', 'anywhere' and 'anything' follow the same rule and are used in negative sentences or questions.

含有any的詞語，例如anybody、anyone和anything也遵循相同的規(guī)則，用于否定句或疑問句中。

Do you know anything about that boy?

你知道關(guān)于那個男孩的事嗎?

Have you spoken to anyone about the problem?

你跟別人說起過這個問題嗎?

She doesn't have anywhere to go.

她沒有地方可以去。

They didn't say anything to me.

他們什么都沒有跟我說。

Quiz

測試

請用some或any，或者包含some，any的詞語(somewhere，anybody等)將下面句子補充完整。

1. Would you like _______ to eat?

2. I have _______ money in my wallet.

3. Is there _______ juice in the fridge?

4. He can't think of _______ to do.

5. I'd like to go _______ hot for my vacation.

6. Is there _______ who plays tennis in your class?

7. I'm afraid I don't have ______ answers to life's problems.

8. Could I have _______ Coke?

Answers

答案

1. something (offer)

2. some

3. any

4. anything

5. somewhere

6. anyone / anybody

7. any

8. some (request)