超全！英語(yǔ)常見的基本句式和句型結(jié)構(gòu)

英語(yǔ)中有四種基本的句式：陳述句、祈使句、疑問句和感嘆句。

例如：

Declarative: Tom'll come to the meeting tomorrow.

陳述句：(湯姆明天會(huì)參加會(huì)議。)

Imperative: Turn to page 232 in your science book.

祈使句：(請(qǐng)把你的科學(xué)課本翻到第232頁(yè)。)

Interrogative: Where do you live?

疑問句：(你住在哪里啊?)

Exclamatory: That's awesome!

感嘆句：(太棒了!)

陳述句

陳述句是對(duì)事實(shí)、安排或觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行“聲明”或陳述。陳述句可以是肯定句，也可以是否定句。陳述句以句號(hào)(.)結(jié)尾。

I'll meet you at the train station.

(我們?cè)诨疖囌疽娒姘伞?

The sun rises in the East.

(太陽(yáng)從東方升起。)

He doesn't get up early.

(他不早起。)

祈使句

祈使句是發(fā)出命令(有時(shí)是要求)的一種句式。祈使句中一般沒有主語(yǔ)，you是隱含的主語(yǔ)。祈使句以句號(hào)(.)或感嘆號(hào)(!)結(jié)尾。

Open the door.

(把門打開。)

Finish your homework.

(把你的作業(yè)做完。)

Pick up that mess.

(把這亂七八糟的收拾一下。)

疑問句

疑問句就是提出問題的句式。疑問句中，助動(dòng)詞位于主語(yǔ)前面，而主語(yǔ)后則跟著主動(dòng)詞(例如：Are you coming..?)。疑問句以問號(hào)結(jié)尾。

How long have you lived in France?

(你在法國(guó)住了多久呀?)

When does the bus leave?

(公交什么時(shí)候開走的?)

Do you enjoy listening to classical music?

(你喜歡聽古典音樂嗎?)

感嘆句

感嘆句通過(guò)感嘆號(hào)(!)對(duì)一個(gè)陳述(陳述句或祈使句中)進(jìn)行了強(qiáng)調(diào)。

Hurry up!

(快點(diǎn)!)

That sounds fantastic!

(聽起來(lái)棒極了!)

I can't believe you said that!

(我真不敢相信你會(huì)那么說(shuō)!)

說(shuō)完了句式，我們?cè)賮?lái)看一下基本的句型結(jié)構(gòu)：

最常見的是簡(jiǎn)單句，

簡(jiǎn)單句

簡(jiǎn)單句中沒有連接詞(如and, but, or等)。

Frank ate his dinner quickly.

(弗蘭克飛快地吃了飯。)

Peter and Sue visited the museum last Saturday.

(上個(gè)星期六，皮特和蘇去了博物館。)

Are you coming to the party?

(你會(huì)去那個(gè)派對(duì)嗎?)

并列復(fù)合句

復(fù)合句由兩個(gè)陳述構(gòu)成，這兩個(gè)陳述由連接詞(如and、but、or等)連在一起。

I wanted to come, but it was late.

(我是想來(lái)的，但太晚了。)

The company had an excellent year, so they gave everyone a bonus.

(公司這年效益不錯(cuò)，所以給每個(gè)人都準(zhǔn)備了獎(jiǎng)金。)

I went shopping, and my wife went to her classes.

(我去購(gòu)物，我妻子去上課。)

主從復(fù)合句

主從復(fù)合句中含有一個(gè)獨(dú)立的從句，且至少有一個(gè)。兩個(gè)從句由一個(gè)從屬連詞(如which, who, although, despite, if, since等)連接起來(lái)。

My daughter, who was late for class, arrived shortly after the bell rang.

(我女兒上課遲到了，鈴聲響了一會(huì)才到。)

That's the man who bought our house.

(就是那個(gè)男人買下了我們的房子。)

Although it was difficult, the class passed the test with excellent marks.

(雖然難度很高，這個(gè)班級(jí)還是以高分通過(guò)了測(cè)試。)

并列復(fù)合句—主從復(fù)合句

并列復(fù)合句和主從復(fù)合句都含有一個(gè)或以上的獨(dú)立的從句。從句由連詞(如but, so, and等)和從屬連詞(如who, because, although等)

John, who briefly visited last month, won the prize, and he took a short vacation.

(上個(gè)月短暫拜訪了約翰，他得獎(jiǎng)后開始了短暫的假期。)

Jack forgot his friend's birthday, so he sent him a card when he finally remembered.

(杰克忘記了朋友的生日，等他最后想起來(lái)的時(shí)候，就送了一張卡片。)

The report which Tom compiled was presented to the board, but it was rejected because it was too complex.

(湯姆編輯的那份報(bào)告被提交到了董事會(huì)，但最終因?yàn)樘珡?fù)雜被打回來(lái)了。)