再比如,“農(nóng)村改革需要三年時(shí)間才能有結(jié)果,城市的改革則需要五年甚至更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間,才能有結(jié)果:”It took three years for rural reform to show results and it will take five years even longer for urban reform to doso.
如果漢語(yǔ)復(fù)句中的兩個(gè)字句的意思是相對(duì)的,轉(zhuǎn)折的,譯成英語(yǔ)時(shí),可用替代詞vice versa,the other way round等短語(yǔ)來(lái)表達(dá)。例如:“為了推動(dòng)中美關(guān)系的發(fā)展,中國(guó)需要進(jìn)一步了解美國(guó),美國(guó)也需要進(jìn)一步了解中國(guó)。”譯文:To promote the development of China-U.S. relations, China needs to know the United States better and vice versa.
有時(shí)還可以用意思相近的詞代替重復(fù)提到的信息。例如:“繁榮發(fā)展哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué),推進(jìn)學(xué)科體系、學(xué)術(shù)觀點(diǎn)、科研方法創(chuàng)新,鼓勵(lì)哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)界為黨和人民事業(yè)發(fā)揮思想庫(kù)作用,推動(dòng)我國(guó)哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)優(yōu)秀成果和優(yōu)秀人才走向世界。”
譯文:We will develop philosophy and social sciences,promoting innovation in academic disciplines,academic viewpoints and research methods.We encourage people working in these fields to serve as a think tank for the cause of the Party and the people,and we will introduce related outstanding achievements and distinguished scholars to the world arena.
除此之外,我們還可以使用一些總結(jié)性的詞匯,替代重復(fù)提到的信息,使譯文更加簡(jiǎn)潔。例如:“整頓和規(guī)范市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)秩序,要標(biāo)本兼治,重在治本。”
譯文:To regulate and standardize the market economic order,efforts shall be made in seeking both temporary and permanent solutions with focus on the latter.
另外,一些組織,機(jī)構(gòu),團(tuán)體或會(huì)議的名稱在首次出現(xiàn)時(shí),我們用全名,在文章的其他部分,則可以采用縮寫形式,以避免太多重復(fù)。