1. Use of Indefinite / Definite Articles (the, a, an)
不定冠詞和定冠詞(a,an,the)的使用
什么時候該用定冠詞,什么時候該用不定冠詞,要掌握這個可能有點難度。這里有一些重要的規(guī)則,來幫助你記住定冠詞和不定冠詞的使用。
•當(dāng)某個事物在文中第一次被提到時,應(yīng)該用不定冠詞(a,an)。
•當(dāng)某個事物對于作者和讀者都不是特別熟悉時,就應(yīng)該用不定冠詞。
•當(dāng)某個事物前面已經(jīng)被提到過時,就應(yīng)該用定冠詞。
•相反,當(dāng)某個事物已經(jīng)被作者和讀者熟知時,應(yīng)該使用定冠詞the。
•一般來說,當(dāng)我們提及可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,或者不可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式時,應(yīng)該使用零冠詞(也就是說,什么冠詞都不用)。
按照上文列出的各種類型,這里有五個依次舉出的錯誤例句。
I live in the apartment, close to the supermarket.
我住的公寓離超市很近。
I'd like to go to the good restaurant.
我想去一個好點的餐廳。
I stayed in the hotel near the park. The hotel was very nice, and a park had some wonderful paths.
我住在公園附近的一家旅館里。這家旅館很棒,公園里也有很多漂亮的小路。
Remember a presentation we went to last week?
還記得我們上個星期做的陳述嗎?
The apples are generally very tasty in season.
時令的蘋果一般都特別美味。
這里是改正后的句子:
I live in an apartment, close to a supermarket.
(注意:I (我)是知道公寓和超市的,而聽者/讀者不知道)
I'd like to go to a good restaurant.
I stayed in a hotel near a park. The hotel was very nice, and the park had some wonderful paths.
Remember the presentation we went to last week?
Apples are generally very tasty in season.
2. Capitalize 'I' and National Adjectives / Nouns / Names of Languages and the First Word of a New Sentence
I、表示國家的形容詞、名詞以及語種名稱,句子首字母都應(yīng)該大寫。
英語中關(guān)于大寫的規(guī)則會讓人摸不著頭腦。但是,大多數(shù)關(guān)于大寫的錯誤都出現(xiàn)在表示國家的形容詞、名詞以及語種名稱詞語上。記住這些規(guī)則,以幫助你避免這種類型的關(guān)于大寫的錯誤。
•I 要大寫
•表示國家的詞。與國家有關(guān)的名詞和形容詞——French、Russian、English、Italy、Canadian等。
•在一個新的句子或問題中,第一個單詞的首字母應(yīng)該大寫。
•普通名詞不用大寫,名詞只有在表示某事物的名稱時才需大寫。
•表示人、機(jī)構(gòu)、節(jié)日等的專有名詞需大寫。
關(guān)于最后兩點的運(yùn)用,這里有一個例子:
I go to university. (common noun -> university)
我上了大學(xué)。(普通名詞——university)
但是,
I go to the University of Texas. (noun used as proper name)
我上了德克薩斯大學(xué)。(專有名詞)
按照上文列出的錯誤的順序,這里有五個依次排列的例子:
Jack comes from Ireland, but i come from the US.
杰克來自愛爾蘭,但我來自美國。
I don't speak chinese, but I speak a little french.
我不會說中文,但我會說一點法語。
where do you come from?
你來自哪里?
He bought a new Bicycle for his birthday.
他過生日時買了一個新的自行車。
Let's visit maria this afternoon.
今天下午去看看瑪利亞吧。
這里是改正過后的句子:
Jack comes from Ireland, but I come from the US.
I don't speak Chinese, but I speak a little French.
Where do you come from?
He bought a new bicycle for his birthday.
Let's visit Maria this afternoon.
3. Slang and Texting Language
俚語和文本語言
許多英語老師,尤其是年輕的英語老師喜歡用使用俚語或網(wǎng)絡(luò)文本語言。這樣做的用意是好的:學(xué)習(xí)者想表現(xiàn)他們對慣用語的理解和掌握。但是,使用這種類型的慣用語可能會導(dǎo)致許多錯誤。解決這種問題最簡單的方法就是:不要在博客帖子、評論或其他網(wǎng)絡(luò)書面溝通渠道上使用文本語言或俚語。如果你是在書寫文本,那么就可以使用文本語言,否則就不要用。不管是什么類型,較長的文本交流不應(yīng)該使用俚語。俚語一般用于口語中,而非書面語。
4. Use of Punctuation
標(biāo)點符號的使用
英語學(xué)習(xí)者有時候會在標(biāo)點符號的使用上遇到問題。我經(jīng)常會接到一些郵件,或者在帖子里看到標(biāo)點符號前后面沒有任何空格的現(xiàn)象。其實規(guī)則很簡單:將標(biāo)點符號放在詞語的尾字母后,然后再空一格。
這里是一些例子:
They visited Paris,London,Berlin and New York. I'd like to have some pasta , and a steak.
他們?nèi)チ税屠琛惗?、柏林和紐約。我想吃些意大利面和牛排。
正確的標(biāo)點使用:They visited Paris, London, Berlin and New York. I'd like to have some pasta, and a steak.
5. Common Mistakes in English
英語中常見的錯誤
我承認(rèn),事實上錯誤不止一個。但是,英語中有許多都是常見的錯誤。你要確保,自己能夠通過這些常見的英語錯誤獲得更多詳細(xì)的信息。這里列出了三個英語寫作中最常見的錯誤:
•It's or Its - It's = it is / Its = possessive form. Remember when you see an apostrophe (') there is a missing verb!
所有格形式。 記住,當(dāng)你看到撇號(‘)時,要知道這里是省略了一個動詞!
•Then or Than - 'Than' is used in the comparative form (It's bigger than my house!) 'Then' is used as a time expression (First you do this. Then you do that.)
than用于比較級中(它比我的房子還大!)then 用作時間表達(dá)(你先做這個,然后再做那個。)
•Good or Well - 'Good' is the adjective form (That's a good story!) 'Well' is the adverb form (He plays tennis well.)
good是形容詞(這真是個好故事!)well是副詞(他的網(wǎng)球打得好。)
這里有六個例子,按照上文提到的錯誤類型,每個錯誤對應(yīng)兩個句子:
He attributed his success to it's appeal to children.
他將自己的成功歸功于孩子們。
I think its time to discuss this question in more detail.
我認(rèn)為,是時候更加詳細(xì)地討論這個問題了。
The government decided it would cost more money to change policy then to leave current law stand.
政府認(rèn)為,更改政策會耗費(fèi)更多的資金,所以就保留了現(xiàn)行的法律。
She can first finish her homework, than go to practice.
她可以先做完作業(yè),然后再去練習(xí)。
How good do you speak German?
你的德語說得怎么樣?
I think he's well public speaker.
我認(rèn)為他是一位出色的演講者。
以下是改正后的句子:
He attributed his success to its appeal to children.
I think it's time to discuss this question in more detail.
The government decided it would cost more money to change policy than to leave current law stand.
She can first finish her homework, then go to practice.
How well do you speak German?
I think he's good public speaker.