學(xué)英語(yǔ)的十個(gè)妙招
馬修·約登能流利說9門語(yǔ)言，還能聽懂另外十幾門!其實(shí)很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間我都不知道他是英國(guó)人。我連學(xué)一門外語(yǔ)都覺得超吃力，后來(lái)他給我以下的要點(diǎn)。如果有和我一樣覺得自己沒天賦學(xué)得累的人，開始筆記吧!
1. KNOW WHY YOU’RE DOING IT
1.弄清學(xué)外語(yǔ)的目的
This might sound obvious, but if you don’t have a good reason to learn a language, you are less likely to stay motivated over the long-run. Wanting to impress English-speakers with your French is not a very good reason; wanting to get to know a French person in his or her own language is another matter entirely。
這聽起來(lái)好像沒什么，但如果沒有好的理由，你就非常可能在這場(chǎng)長(zhǎng)跑中掉隊(duì)。為了炫技而想要學(xué)法語(yǔ)，這可不是啥好理由;而想學(xué)會(huì)法語(yǔ)去了解法國(guó)人，這就另當(dāng)別論了。
2. DIVE IN
2.潛心修行
“I tend to want to absorb as much as possible right from the start. So if I learn something I really, really go for it and try to use it throughout the day. For me it’s about actually putting what you’re learning into practice – be that writing an email, speaking to yourself, listening to music, listening to the radio. Surrounding yourself, submerging yourself in the new language culture is extremely important。”
“從下決心學(xué)的那一刻，我就開始用全身心吸收。所以我一開始學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言，就會(huì)一整天都使用它，比如寫郵件、自言自語(yǔ)、聽音樂等，把自己完全丟進(jìn)那個(gè)語(yǔ)言文化環(huán)繞起來(lái)的環(huán)境里。這個(gè)非常重要的。”
“I always have at the back of my mind that it’s adapting your way of thinking to the way of thinking in that language。”
“我總是感覺，腦海里的思考都要轉(zhuǎn)變成這種語(yǔ)言文化。”
3. FIND A PARTNER
3.找到你的小伙伴
Matthew learned several languages together with his twin brother Michael (they tackled their first foreign language, Greek, when they were only eight years old!). Matthew and Michael, or the Super Polyglot Bros. as I’d like to now refer to them, gained their superpowers from good-ol’, healthy sibling rivalry:“You have someone with whom you can speak, and that’s the idea behind learning a language。”
馬修有好幾種外語(yǔ)都是和他雙胞胎兄弟邁克爾一起學(xué)的(他們8歲就學(xué)了希臘語(yǔ))!我為什么要強(qiáng)調(diào)這對(duì)超級(jí)學(xué)霸兄弟，因?yàn)榭傆X得是他們之間的良性競(jìng)爭(zhēng)關(guān)系，對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)特別有幫助。
4. KEEP IT RELEVANT
4.學(xué)百遍不如用一遍
If you make conversation a goal from the beginning, you are less likely to get lost in textbooks.:“You’re learning a language to be able to use it. The creative side is really being able to put the language that you’re learning into a more useful, general, everyday setting – be that through writing songs, generally wanting to speak to people. You don’t necessarily have to go abroad; you can go to the Greek restaurant down the road and order in Greek。”
建議你一開始就把交流放進(jìn)目標(biāo)，這樣就不會(huì)陷在教科書里了。“學(xué)語(yǔ)言的目標(biāo)是為了使用它，最好是創(chuàng)造性地把它融進(jìn)日常生活中。可以是寫歌詞、挖掘和人說話的渴望。你甚至不必一定去國(guó)外，比如學(xué)希臘語(yǔ)就只要找到當(dāng)?shù)氐南ＥD餐館，用希臘語(yǔ)點(diǎn)單。”
5. HAVE FUN WITH IT
5.游戲?qū)W習(xí)
Using your new language in any way is a creative act. The Super Polyglot Bros. practiced their Greek by writing and recording songs. Think of some fun ways to practice your new language: make a radio play with a friend, draw a comic strip, write a poem, or simply talk to whomever you can. If you can’t find a way to have fun with the new language, chances are you aren’t following step four。
用各種方式學(xué)外語(yǔ)本身是個(gè)非常有創(chuàng)意的事，這對(duì)學(xué)霸兄弟學(xué)外語(yǔ)時(shí)會(huì)用它來(lái)寫歌和錄歌。想個(gè)適合你自己的有趣的方式：和朋友一起做個(gè)廣播劇、畫連環(huán)畫、寫詩(shī)歌，或者和任何一個(gè)你能溝通的人聊天!你要是覺得找不到適合你的，那也許你沒有按第4條做。
6. ACT LIKE A CHILD
6.像小孩一樣去學(xué)
The key to learning as quickly as a child may be to simply take on certain childlike attitudes: for instance, lack of self-consciousness, a desire to play in the language and willingness to make mistakes. New research cannot find a direct link between age and the ability to learn. As kids, we are expected to make mistakes, but as adults mistakes become taboo. When it comes to learning a language, admitting that you don’t know everything (and being okay with that) is the key to growth and freedom. Let go of your grown-up inhibitions!
快速學(xué)習(xí)語(yǔ)言的訣竅，是要有小孩一樣的態(tài)度：即時(shí)、無(wú)知、愛玩、犯錯(cuò)。沒有研究能證明學(xué)習(xí)能力和年紀(jì)的直接關(guān)系，但小孩子愿意犯錯(cuò)，成年人卻包袱太重，怕犯錯(cuò)怕笑話!當(dāng)你要學(xué)好一門語(yǔ)言，就要承認(rèn)和接受自己如孩子般無(wú)知，這是獲得成長(zhǎng)和自由關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。所以，讓顧忌和做作去死吧!
7. LEAVE YOUR COMFORT ZONE
7.離開你的舒適區(qū)
Willingness to make mistakes means being ready to put yourself in potentially embarrassing situations: talk to strangers in the language, ask for directions, order food, try to tell a joke. The more often you do this, the bigger your comfort zone becomes and the more at ease you can be in new situations:
經(jīng)過上一步，意味著你做好心理準(zhǔn)備面對(duì)很可能的尷尬：和陌生人聊天、問路、點(diǎn)菜、開始講笑話。突破越多你的舒適區(qū)就越大，在各種情境里就更加應(yīng)對(duì)自如：
“At the beginning you’re going to encounter difficulties: maybe the pronunciation, maybe the grammar, the syntax, or you don’t really get the sayings. But I think the most important thing is to always develop this feel. Every native speaker has a feel for his or her own language, and that’s basically what makes a native-speaker – whether you can make the language your own。”
“一開始你會(huì)遇到一些難題：可能是發(fā)音，可能是語(yǔ)法，或是你還沒學(xué)到的表達(dá)方式，重要的是培養(yǎng)自己的感覺。所有人說自己的母語(yǔ)都會(huì)有語(yǔ)感，能不能把外語(yǔ)學(xué)成母語(yǔ)，關(guān)鍵就看有沒有這個(gè)語(yǔ)感了!
8. LISTEN
8.仔細(xì)聽
You must learn to look before you can draw:“We’re able to pronounce anything, it’s just we’re not used to doing it. For example the rolled r doesn’t exist in my form of English. When I was learning Spanish there were words with the hard r in them like perro and reunión. For me, the best way to go about mastering that is actually to hear it constantly, to listen to it and to kind of visualize or imagine how that is supposed to be pronounced, because for every sound there is a specific part of the mouth or throat that we use in order to achieve that sound。”
人在學(xué)會(huì)畫畫之前，一定先學(xué)會(huì)觀察：“要相信你有能力掌握所有發(fā)音方式，不過沒有習(xí)慣而已。舉個(gè)栗子，英語(yǔ)里沒有R的大舌頭音，我學(xué)西班牙語(yǔ)時(shí)就遇到perro或reunión這種需要卷舌才能發(fā)出的單詞，我找到最好的學(xué)習(xí)方法就是不停地聽別人說。先聽，然后想象這個(gè)音是用口腔的那個(gè)部位發(fā)的，再模仿。
If you can’t watch and imitate a native-speaker in person, watching foreign-language films and TV is a good substitute。
要是身邊老外供你觀察，看電影和電視劇也是不錯(cuò)的選擇。
9. TALK TO YOURSELF
9.自言自語(yǔ)
“It might sound really weird, but actually speaking to yourself in a language is a great way to practice if you’re not able to use it all the time。” This can keep new words and phrases fresh in your mind and build up your confidence for the next time you speak with someone。“
聽起來(lái)可能有點(diǎn)怪，但在你沒法整天使用這門語(yǔ)言的時(shí)候，這可真是個(gè)練習(xí)的好辦法。”讓新的單詞、詞匯經(jīng)常跳躍在你的腦海里，下次開口聊天前你也會(huì)更有準(zhǔn)備!
10. RELAX!
10.心態(tài)放輕松
You are not going to annoy people by speaking their language poorly. If you preface any interaction with, “I’m learning and I’d like to practice…” most people will be patient, encouraging and happy to oblige。
你不會(huì)因?yàn)橹v得不好就惹人厭煩的，如果聊天開始前你說：“我正在學(xué)，非常希望練習(xí)……”大多數(shù)人都會(huì)很耐心，樂意鼓勵(lì)和幫助你的。
BUT WHAT’S THE POINT?
但是有什么意義呢?
We’ve gone into HOW to start learning a language, but are you still on the fence about WHY to learn? Matthew has one last point to make:
我們已經(jīng)探討了怎么開始學(xué)外語(yǔ)，可你是不是還停留在為什么要學(xué)外語(yǔ)?馬修還有一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)：
“I think each language has a certain way of seeing the world. If you speak one language then you have a different way of analyzing and interpreting the world than the speaker of another language does. Even if they’re really closely-related languages such as Spanish and Portuguese, which are to a certain extent mutually intelligible, they are at the same time two different worlds – two different mindsets. “
我認(rèn)為每種語(yǔ)言都有其特定的認(rèn)識(shí)世界的方法。不同的語(yǔ)種，會(huì)讓你們有不同的對(duì)世界的分析和認(rèn)知。即使是兩種相似度很高的語(yǔ)言，如西班牙語(yǔ)和葡萄牙語(yǔ)，在某種程度上確實(shí)互通，但同時(shí)他們又代表兩個(gè)不同的世界——不同的思維方式。”
“Therefore, having learned other languages and been surrounded by other languages, I couldn’t possibly choose only one language because it would mean really renouncing the possibility to be able to see the world in a different way. Not in one way, but in many different ways. So the monolingual lifestyle, for me, is the saddest, the loneliest, the most boring way of seeing the world. There are so many advantages of learning a language; I really can’t think of any reason not to。”
“因此，已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了不同語(yǔ)言，置身在不同的文化，我很難再選擇單語(yǔ)言的生活方式，因?yàn)檫@意味著你將放棄另一種看世界的方式，不僅一種，而是很多種。對(duì)我而言，單語(yǔ)種的生活是最悲哀、最孤獨(dú)、最無(wú)趣的了。學(xué)習(xí)外語(yǔ)的好處如此之多，我真的想不到不去學(xué)的理由。”
