分詞作狀語是高考考查的熱點和重要考點,其熱點考查內(nèi)容如下:
一. 確定分詞形式
分詞作狀語時,通常放在句首,并且用逗號與主句隔開。同時,分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語與主句主語應(yīng)保持一致,也就是說在確定選擇現(xiàn)在分詞還是過去分詞時,要判斷主句主語與分詞中心詞的關(guān)系。如果句子的主語是動詞-ing形式所表示的動作的發(fā)出者(即表主動或正在進行),分詞形式選用現(xiàn)在分詞;如果句子的主語是動詞-ed形式所表示的動作的承受者時(即表被動或完成),分詞形式選用過去分詞。
例:1, _______, I stretched my hand out for it.
A. I saw the book I wanted on the shell B. The book I wanted was on the shell
C. Seeing the book lying across the desk D. Lying on the desk
分析:分詞作狀語時,其邏輯主語應(yīng)與句子的主語一致。根據(jù)這一原則,可知句子的主語I只能與see保持一致。 如果選A, 該句中沒有連詞,沒能構(gòu)成并列句和主從復(fù)合句,此時要選用非謂語動詞形式。所以選C
2, Seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.
分析:“Seen from the hill” 是過去分詞作狀語。分詞作狀語時,其邏輯主語應(yīng)與句子的主語一致。根據(jù)這一原則,可知,“the park”是“Seen from the hill”的邏輯主語,它們之間表示被動關(guān)系,所以分詞形式用seen.
二.確立句子主語可能是誰
確立句子主語可能是誰時,仍然遵循分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語與主句主語應(yīng)保持一致的原則。反過來要根據(jù)分詞形式確立句子主語。
例:Having been attacked by terrorists, _________.
A. doctors came to their rescue B. the tall building collapsed
C. an emergency measure was taken D. warning were given to tourists
分析: 本題仍考查非謂語動詞的用法。句中“Having been attacked by terrorists”是現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。分詞作狀語時,其邏輯主語應(yīng)與句子的主語一致。根據(jù)這一原則,可知“受攻擊”的應(yīng)是“the tall building”, 即“Having been attacked”的邏輯主語是“the tall building”.句意為“大樓因為受到恐怖分子的襲擊而倒塌”. 答案: B
三.獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)
分詞作狀語時其邏輯主語與主句主語應(yīng)保持一致,但當分詞邏輯主語與主語不一致時,分詞要有自己獨立的邏輯主語,這種主語常常是名詞或代詞,置于動詞-ing形式或動詞-ed形式之前。這種名詞/代詞+動詞-ing/動詞-ed結(jié)構(gòu)在語法上被稱為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。此時分詞形式的選擇取決于名詞/代詞與v-ing/v-ed形式所表示動作的邏輯關(guān)系,如果它們之間表示主動或分詞動作正在進行,選擇現(xiàn)在分詞,如果它們之間表示被動或完成,選擇過去分詞。
1, 名詞/代詞+動詞-ing
例:Spring coming on, the trees turned green.
2,名詞/代詞+動詞-ed
例:The question settled, they felt released.
3,with/without+名詞/代詞+動詞-ing/-ed
例:With the tree grown tall, we get more shade.
Our school looks beautiful with the flowers coming out.
The battle was over without a shot being fired.
四.分詞作狀語時,相當于一個狀語從句。
例:______weight, the doctor has warned me to keep off sugar.
A. I’m putting on B. Having put on C. As I’m gaining D. To gain
分析:在并列句和主從復(fù)合句中, 逗號只起分隔作用, 前后兩部分的邏輯關(guān)系必須使用連接詞來表達; 否則要使用非謂語動詞. 該題中B, C兩項是非謂語動詞作狀語, 但其邏輯主語與主句主語不一致, 所以只能使用連接詞來表達前后兩部分的邏輯關(guān)系. 答案: C
五.現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作獨立成分
英語中一些特殊的分詞可用作獨立成分,不需要邏輯主語。這種無依著動詞形式結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)成為固定用法。
常見的不需要邏輯主語的動詞-ing/-ed形式結(jié)構(gòu):
Considering (that)…考慮到
supposing (that)… 如果……
generally speaking 一般說來
frankly speaking 坦白說
Judging from… 從…判斷
talking of… 說到……
Concerning… 關(guān)于
setting aside... 除開……
Coming to… 談到 ……
allowing for... 考慮到……
Proving/provided (that)…假定 supposing/suppose (that)…假如……
Seeing (that)… 既然 ……
given (that)… 假設(shè);如果;考慮到
put frankly 坦白地說
taken as a whole 總的說來
例:1. Put frankly, I don’t agree with what he said.
坦白地說,我不同意他說的話。
2. Given the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation.
考慮到他的一般身體狀況,他手術(shù)后恢復(fù)過來可能需要一段時間。
3. Supposing he is ill, who will do the work?
假如他病了,誰來做這工作呢?
專項練習(xí):
1._______with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.
A. Compare
B. When comparing
C. Comparing
D. When compared
2. When first ______to the market, these products enjoyed great success.
A. introducing B. introduced
C. introduce D. being introduced
3. “We can’t go out in this weather,” said Bob, _____ out of the window.
A. looking B. to look
C. looked D. having looked
4. _____ the interview, the manage went to his office, _____ by the interviewer.
A. Having finished, followed
B. Finished, followed
C. Finishing, following
D. Being finished, being following
5. Finding her car stolen, _____.
A. a policeman was asked to help
B. the area was searched thoroughly
C. It was looked for everywhere
D. she hurried to a policeman for help
Key: 1-5 DBAAD