染發(fā)劑和直發(fā)器與更高的癌癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有關(guān)，尤其是黑人女性

染發(fā)劑和直發(fā)器與更高的癌癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有關(guān)，尤其是黑人女性

New research raises concern about the safety of permanent hair dye and chemical hair straighteners, especially among African American women. The study was published Wednesday in the International Journal of Cancer.

新的研究引起了人們對(duì)永久性染發(fā)劑和化學(xué)直發(fā)劑安全性的關(guān)注，尤其是在非洲裔美國(guó)女性中。這項(xiàng)研究周三發(fā)表在《國(guó)際癌癥雜志》上。

Previous research in animals has found links between certain chemicals in hair dye and straighteners and cancer. But findings from other human studies on the association between hair dyes and straighteners and cancer have been inconsistent. This large, prospective study provides firmer evidence of a link.

先前的動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)染發(fā)劑和直發(fā)劑中的某些化學(xué)物質(zhì)與癌癥有關(guān)。但是，其他關(guān)于染發(fā)劑和直發(fā)器與癌癥之間關(guān)系的人類研究結(jié)果并不一致。這項(xiàng)大規(guī)模的前瞻性研究為這種聯(lián)系提供了更有力的證據(jù)。

Researchers analyzed data from an ongoing study called the Sister Study, looking at medical records and lifestyle surveys from 46,709 women between the ages of 35 and 74. Women answered questions about their use of hair dyes and straighteners. While earlier studies on hair dye and cancer risk included mostly white women, the new study includes 9% African American women.

研究人員分析了一項(xiàng)名為“姐妹研究”(Sister study)的正在進(jìn)行的研究的數(shù)據(jù)，他們查看了年齡在35歲至74歲之間的46709名女性的醫(yī)療記錄和生活方式調(diào)查。女性回答了有關(guān)她們使用染發(fā)劑和直發(fā)器的問題。早期關(guān)于染發(fā)劑和癌癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的研究主要包括白人女性，而新的研究包括9%的非洲裔美國(guó)女性。

Researchers found that women who used permanent hair dye or chemical straighteners were at higher risk of developing breast cancer.

研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，使用永久性染發(fā)劑或化學(xué)直發(fā)劑的女性患乳腺癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更高。

"The association was notably higher among black women," says epidemiologist Alexandra White, study author and an investigator with the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, who studies environmental risk factors for breast cancer.

研究作者、美國(guó)國(guó)家環(huán)境健康科學(xué)研究所研究員、流行病學(xué)家亞歷山德拉•懷特表示:“黑人女性中，這種關(guān)聯(lián)明顯更高。”懷特研究的是乳腺癌的環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素。

After eight years of follow-up, White found permanent hair dye use was associated with about a 7% higher risk of developing breast cancer among white women, "whereas in black women that risk was about 45 percent."

經(jīng)過8年的跟蹤調(diào)查，懷特發(fā)現(xiàn)，在白人女性中，永久性染發(fā)劑的使用與罹患乳腺癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)為7%左右，“而在黑人女性中，這一風(fēng)險(xiǎn)約為45%。”

That risk was even higher among black women who dyed their hair frequently, every one or two months.

這種風(fēng)險(xiǎn)在那些經(jīng)常染頭發(fā)（每一兩個(gè)月染一次）的黑人婦女中甚至更高。

Researchers don't know which ingredients in the products might be of concern. The study did not look at the specific ingredients in the products women were using, only at whether they had used the product and whether they developed breast cancer.

研究人員還不知道這些產(chǎn)品中的哪些成分值得關(guān)注。這項(xiàng)研究并沒有考察女性使用的產(chǎn)品中的特定成分，只是考察了她們是否使用過該產(chǎn)品，以及她們是否患上了乳腺癌。

All women in the Sister Study were already at high risk for breast cancer since they had a sister who had breast cancer.

在姐妹研究中，所有的女性都已經(jīng)處于乳腺癌的高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)中，因?yàn)樗齻冇幸粋€(gè)患有乳腺癌的姐妹。

Researchers note that in the United States, breast cancer incidence remains high for all women and appears to be increasing for non-Hispanic black women, who also are more likely to be diagnosed with more aggressive forms of the disease and more likely to die from it.

研究人員指出，在美國(guó)，所有女性的乳腺癌發(fā)病率仍然很高，非西班牙裔黑人女性的發(fā)病率似乎在上升，她們也更有可能被診斷出更嚴(yán)重的乳腺癌，更有可能死于這種疾病。

Hair products contain more than 5,000 chemicals, according to researchers, including those with mutagenic and endocrine-disrupting properties such as aromatic amines, which can raise cancer risk, according to White.

據(jù)懷特介紹，研究人員稱，護(hù)發(fā)產(chǎn)品含有5000多種化學(xué)物質(zhì)，其中包括具有誘變性和干擾內(nèi)分泌的物質(zhì)，如芳香胺，它會(huì)增加患癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

When it came to chemical straighteners, risk didn't vary by race. Both black and white women who used hair straighteners were about 30% more likely to develop breast cancer than those who didn't use the products. However, black women are more likely to use them, with about 75% of black women in the study reporting they straighten their hair.

當(dāng)涉及到化學(xué)直發(fā)劑時(shí)，風(fēng)險(xiǎn)并不因種族而異。使用直發(fā)劑的黑人女性和白人女性患乳腺癌的幾率比不使用直發(fā)劑的女性高30%。然而，黑人女性更可能使用直發(fā)劑，研究中約75%的黑人女性稱她們會(huì)把頭發(fā)拉直。

Dr. Doris Browne, a medical oncologist and former president of the National Medical Association, suggests women start a conversation with their doctor about their risk for breast cancer.

內(nèi)科腫瘤學(xué)家、美國(guó)國(guó)家醫(yī)學(xué)協(xié)會(huì)前會(huì)長(zhǎng)多麗絲·布朗建議，女性可以和醫(yī)生談?wù)勛约夯既橄侔┑娘L(fēng)險(xiǎn)。