通過減少牛肉和羊肉的生產(chǎn)來應(yīng)對氣候變化

通過減少牛肉和羊肉的生產(chǎn)來應(yīng)對氣候變化

A new report a British advisory body has called for a 20%-50% cut in the number of sheep and cattle to help combat climate change -- adding to the growing international consensus that eating red meat is not only bad for your health, it is also bad for the environment.

英國一個咨詢機構(gòu)的一份新報告呼吁將牛羊的數(shù)量減少20%-50%，以幫助應(yīng)對氣候變化——這進一步增強了國際上越來越多的共識，即食用紅肉不僅對健康有害，也對環(huán)境有害。

Lamb, beef and dairy production accounts for the majority of greenhouse gases emitted by farms in Britain, with sheep and cattle directly responsible for around 58% of agricultural emissions in the UK in 2016, says the report by the government's Committee on Climate Change (CCC).

政府氣候變化委員會(CCC)的這份報告稱，英國農(nóng)場排放的溫室氣體主要來自羊肉、牛肉和奶制品，其中牛羊直接排放的溫室氣體約占英國2016年農(nóng)業(yè)排放的58%。

The advisory body suggests that a dramatic reduction in the consumption of cow and sheep products could release up to 7 million hectares of grassland, which could instead be planted to create forests and help store carbon.

該咨詢機構(gòu)建議，大幅減少牛羊產(chǎn)品的消費可能會釋放多達700萬公頃的草地，而這些草地可以用來造林和幫助儲存碳。

It recommends that the UK's land under forestry should increase to 19% from 14%.

報告建議英國的林業(yè)用地應(yīng)該從14%增加到19%。

The committee also said a reduction in beef and lamb consumption would lead to a rise in the consumption of plant-based food, as well as chicken and pork.

該委員會還表示，減少牛肉和羊肉的消費將導(dǎo)致植物性食品、雞肉和豬肉消費的增加。

The government's "Eatwell Guide" for a healthy and balanced diet outlines the proportion of a person's diet that each food group should provide. The report says that following these guidelines would lead to a dramatic reduction in the amount of red meat eaten by the population, with an 89% reduction for beef and a 63% reduction for lamb. This would also see a 20% decline in dairy products.

政府的健康均衡飲食“健康指南”概述了每個食物組應(yīng)該提供的一個人的飲食比例。該報告說，遵循這些指導(dǎo)方針將導(dǎo)致人們大幅減少食用紅肉的數(shù)量，牛肉減少89%，羊肉減少63%。這也將導(dǎo)致乳制品產(chǎn)量下降20%。

The target of reducing sheep and cattle numbers by 20%-50% also relies on people following the recommended diet, with the 20% goal achievable if people replace red meat with chicken and pork. The higher 50% goal would involve people switching to meat substitutes.

減少20%-50%牛羊數(shù)量的目標(biāo)也取決于人們是否遵循推薦的飲食，如果人們用雞肉和豬肉代替牛羊肉，20%的目標(biāo)就可以實現(xiàn)。如果人們改為食用肉類替代品，那么50%的目標(biāo)就可以實現(xiàn)。

The report, which has an overarching goal to create a "a new land use policy" that will help mitigate climate change, also includes recommendations to increase Britain's forested area as well as the restoration of the country's peatlands and the reduction of flood risks.

這份報告的總體目標(biāo)是制定一項“新的土地使用政策”，以幫助緩解氣候變化。報告還提出了增加英國森林面積、恢復(fù)泥炭地和降低洪水風(fēng)險的建議。

"This is a wake-up call for government that we must completely transform the way we use land, to avoid climate breakdown and make space for nature," Friends of the Earth campaigner Guy Shrubsole said in a statement.

“地球之友”活動家蓋伊·舒魯伯索爾在一份聲明中說:“這給政府敲響了警鐘，我們必須徹底改變我們使用土地的方式，以避免氣候崩潰，為大自然騰出空間。”

"As the Committee on Climate Change says, we need to free up land from agriculture by eating much less meat and dairy, and stop landowners burning and degrading peat bogs -- our single biggest carbon store."

“正如氣候變化委員會所說，我們需要通過少吃肉類和奶制品來釋放農(nóng)業(yè)用地，并阻止土地所有者焚燒和降解泥炭沼澤，泥炭沼澤我們最大的碳儲存地。”

Animal farming is responsible for 14.5% of the world's greenhouse emissions, according to the UN's Food and Agriculture Organization, making it a significant contributor to climate change. Of those emissions, 65% comes from beef and dairy cattle.

聯(lián)合國糧農(nóng)組織的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，畜牧業(yè)占全球溫室氣體排放的14.5%，是氣候變化的一個重要因素。在這些排放中，65%來自肉牛和奶牛。

A recent report by the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change emphasized the need for people to consume about 30% less animal products. Eating less meat is one of a number of mitigation strategies suggested by the IPCC to overhaul agricultural and land-use practices, including the protection of forests.

聯(lián)合國政府間氣候變化專門委員會最近發(fā)布的一份報告強調(diào)，人們需要減少30%的動物產(chǎn)品消費。少吃肉是政府間氣候變化專門委員會(IPCC)提出的全面改革農(nóng)業(yè)和土地使用做法(包括保護森林)的諸多緩解策略之一。

A study last month predicted that as a result of population growth and the continued consumption of large amounts of red meat and processed food in the West, the environmental pressures from the food system could increase by up to 90% by 2050.

上個月的一項研究預(yù)測，由于人口增長和西方對大量牛羊肉和加工食品的持續(xù)消費，到2050年，食品系統(tǒng)給環(huán)境壓力可能會增加到90%。