最新的健康指南指出，大多數(shù)兒童不應該喝植物性牛奶

最新的健康指南指出，大多數(shù)兒童不應該喝植物性牛奶

Most children under the age of 5 should avoid plant-based milk, according to new health guidelines about what young children should drink. Plant-based milk made from rice, coconut, oats or other blends -- with the exception of fortified soy milk -- lack key nutrition for early development, according to guidelines released on Wednesday by health organizations.

根據(jù)關于兒童應該喝什么飲料的最新健康指南，大多數(shù)5歲以下的兒童應該避免飲用植物性牛奶。根據(jù)衛(wèi)生組織周三發(fā)布的指導方針，由大米、椰子、燕麥或其他混合物制成的植物性牛奶(強化豆奶除外)缺乏早期發(fā)育所需的關鍵營養(yǎng)。

They should also avoid diet drinks, flavored milks and sugary beverages and limit how much juice they drink, the guidelines said.

他們也應該避免減肥飲料，調味牛奶和含糖飲料，并限制果汁飲用量，指南說。

Plant-based milk is made from rice, coconut, oats or other blends that lack key nutrition for early development, according to the Healthy Eating Research guidelines. The recommendations come from a panel of experts with the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Heart Association.

根據(jù)健康飲食研究指南，植物性牛奶由大米、椰子、燕麥或其他缺乏早期發(fā)育關鍵營養(yǎng)的混合物制成。這些建議來自美國營養(yǎng)與飲食學會、美國兒科牙科學會、美國兒科學會和美國心臟協(xié)會的專家小組。

"In the last five to 10 years there has been an explosion of interest in plant-based milk. More and more parents are turning to them for a variety of reasons and there's a misconception that they are equal somehow to cow or dairy milk, but that's just not the case," said Megan Lott, who helped develop the recommendations as the deputy director of the Healthy Eating Research.

梅根·洛特說，“在過去的五到十年里，人們對植物性牛奶的興趣激增。越來越多的父母出于各種原因轉向植物性牛奶，人們誤以為它們在某種程度上等同于牛奶或乳制品，但事實并非如此。”作為健康飲食研究中心副主任，他幫助制定了這些建議。

She said most plant-based milk doesn't deliver enough of the nutrition, like vitamin D and calcium, that growing children need in this vital developmental stage.

她說，大多數(shù)植物性牛奶不能提供足夠的營養(yǎng)，如維生素D和鈣，這是成長中的兒童在這個重要的發(fā)育階段所需要的。

"The guidelines do make an exception if a child has a dairy or cow milk allergy or is lactose intolerant or has religious rules or lives in a house that keeps a vegan diet, in that case, the parents should definitely consult with their pediatrician or dietitian," Lott said.

洛特說：“如果孩子對乳制品或牛奶過敏，或者對乳糖不耐受，或者有宗教規(guī)則，或者生活在純素食家庭，那么這些指導方針確實是一個例外，在這種情況下，父母絕對應該咨詢他們的兒科醫(yī)生或營養(yǎng)師。”

Even as a registered dietitian, Lott said she had to look closely at what would work for her child. Her son is almost 3 and has a severe allergy to cow's milk. Based on his normal eating pattern, she had to figure out what kind of milk substitute can fill in the nutritional gap.

即使作為一名注冊營養(yǎng)師，洛特說她也必須仔細研究什么對她的孩子有效。她的兒子快3歲了，對牛奶有嚴重過敏。根據(jù)他正常的飲食習慣，她必須找到一種牛奶替代品來填補營養(yǎng)缺口。

"What works for my son may not be the same for another young child, it's based on individual needs and why we talk about the need for parents to talk to the child's pediatrician or dietician about it," Lott said.

洛特說:“對我兒子有效的方法可能對另一個年幼的孩子就不一樣了，這取決于個人的需要，以及我們?yōu)槭裁凑f到家長需要和孩子的兒科醫(yī)生或營養(yǎng)師談談這個問題。”

Guidelines about what drinks to avoid

關于避免喝什么飲料的指南

A few other drinks to avoid, according to the guidelines, include low-calorie and zero-calorie drinks.

根據(jù)指南，其他一些要避免的飲料包括低卡路里和零卡路里的飲料。

"We are finding more and more of these artificial sweeteners showing up in food marketed to young children and there is no research on these substitutes that show they cause harm, but there's really no research showing that they are safe," said Lott.

洛特說:“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)在兒童食品中出現(xiàn)越來越多的人工甜味劑。目前還沒有研究表明這些替代品會造成危害，但也沒有研究表明它們是安全的。”

With children being in a vulnerable developmental stage, it's good to be cautious, she said.

Toddler milk and flavored milk is also off the menu. In the past, recommendations allowed some wiggle room on flavors, suggesting that chocolate milk would be better than no milk at all, Lott said, but the committee shifted its thinking. She noted this is a key age when a child develops a taste preference and it's more important to create healthy habits early.

她說，由于孩子們正處于脆弱的發(fā)展階段，保持謹慎是有好處的。嬰兒奶和調味奶也不被推薦喝。洛特說，過去的建議允許在口味上有一定的回旋余地，建議巧克力牛奶比沒有牛奶要好，但委員會改變了想法。她指出，這是孩子形成味覺偏好的關鍵年齡，更重要的是盡早養(yǎng)成健康的習慣。

What children should drink

孩子們應該喝什么

The guidelines say babies need only breast milk or infant formula and once they are 6 months old, small amounts of water. Children should stick to milk, water and occasionally drink juice.

該指導方針說，嬰兒只需要母乳或嬰兒配方奶粉，一旦他們6個月大，就需要少量的水。兒童應堅持喝牛奶、水，偶爾喝果汁。

The guidelines recommend children between the age of 1 and 2 years old drink two to three cups of whole milk a day. At age 2 and 3 they should drink no more than two cups of skim or low-fat milk a day. For age 4 and 5 they should drink no more than two and a half cups of skim or low-fat milk a day.

指南建議1到2歲的兒童每天喝兩到三杯全脂牛奶。在2歲和3歲的時候，他們每天應該喝不超過兩杯脫脂或低脂牛奶。對于4到5歲的孩子，他們每天應該喝不超過兩杯半的脫脂或低脂牛奶。

For water, it's a half-cup to a cup for 6- to 12-month-old children, one to four cups a day for ages 1 to 3, and one and a half to five cups a day for 4- and 5-year-olds.

對于水，6到12個月大的孩子每天半杯到一杯，1到3歲的孩子每天一到四杯，4到5歲的孩子每天一到五杯。

"When some parents walk into a grocery store they may be overwhelmed by the options, but in daily life, what we recommend is doable, even if it does take some persistence and cooperation," Lott said. "There are lots of opportunities to make great improvements in a child's nutrition for parents here."

洛特說:“當一些家長走進雜貨店時，他們可能會被各種各樣的選擇弄得不知所措，但在日常生活中，我們的建議是可行的，即使需要一些堅持和合作。”“對于這里的父母來說，有很多機會可以極大地改善孩子的營養(yǎng)狀況。”