VOA慢速英語：巴西政府無視森林砍伐

A recent study says illegal loggers have destroyed about 18,500 square kilometers of public forests over the past six years in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest.
最近的一項研究表明，在過去的六年里，非法伐木者已經(jīng)在巴西亞馬遜雨林破壞了約1.85萬平方公里的公共森林。
 
But, the study says, the nation's Federal Police do not investigate the loss enough.
但是，該研究稱，該國聯(lián)邦警察對這一損失的調(diào)查并不充分。
 
The wood cutting took place in state and federal forests that are “unallocated.”
砍伐地發(fā)生在“未劃分的”州和聯(lián)邦森林中。
 
That means they are neither part of a national park nor are they considered native territories.
這意味著它們既不屬于國家公園，也不被視為當(dāng)?shù)毓茌牭念I(lǐng)土。
 
Official data says the Brazilian Amazon has about 580,000 square kilometers of unallocated forest.
官方數(shù)據(jù)顯示，巴西亞馬遜地區(qū)大約有58萬平方公里未劃分的森林。
 
That is an area almost the size of Ukraine.
幾乎相當(dāng)于烏克蘭的國土面積。
 
The public forests have become a target for criminals who illegally seize land.
公共森林已經(jīng)成為非法侵占土地的犯罪分子的目標(biāo)。
 
Igarapé Institute, a Brazilian policy research group, released the study.
巴西政策研究機構(gòu)伊加拉佩研究所發(fā)布了這項研究。
 
The group researched 369 environmental crime operations carried out by the Federal Police in the Amazon between 2016 and 2021.
該機構(gòu)調(diào)查了2016年至2021年間，聯(lián)邦警察在亞馬遜地區(qū)開展的369起打擊環(huán)境犯罪的行動。
 
Only two percent targeted people illegally seizing unallocated public lands.
只有2%的行動目標(biāo)是非法侵占未分配的公共土地的人士。
 
It also found that the Federal Police created only seven operations to investigate this large loss.
研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，聯(lián)邦警察針對這一損失只發(fā)起了7次行動調(diào)查。
 
The Federal Police did not answer The Associated Press’s request for comment about its work in the Amazon.
聯(lián)邦警察沒有回應(yīng)美聯(lián)社就其在亞馬遜地區(qū)的工作評論。
 
The report said the lack of enforcement likely comes from the weak legal protection of these areas.
報告稱，執(zhí)法不力可能是因為這些地區(qū)的法律保護薄弱。
 
Environmentalists have long pressed the federal government to turn unallocated public forests into protected areas.
長期以來，環(huán)保主義者一直在向聯(lián)邦政府施壓，要求其將未劃分的公共森林變?yōu)楸Ｗo區(qū)。
 
Brazil returned to democratic rule in 1985 after 20 years of military rule.
在經(jīng)歷了20年的軍事統(tǒng)治后，巴西于1985年恢復(fù)了民主統(tǒng)治。
 
Most of the democratic governments have expanded protected forests.
大多數(shù)民主政府都擴大了森林保護區(qū)的面積。
 
Today about 47 percent of the Amazon is protected land, official data says.
官方數(shù)據(jù)顯示，目前亞馬遜地區(qū)約有47%的土地受到保護。
 
But President Jair Bolsonaro has said the country has too many protected areas and has slowed adding new protected land.
但總統(tǒng)雅伊爾·博索納羅表示，該國的保護區(qū)太多，因此放慢了增加新保護區(qū)的速度。
 
In 2016, about 2,240 square kilometers of unallocated public land were illegally harvested for wood.
2016年，約有2240平方公里未劃分的公共土地被非法采伐木材。
 
Last year, that area reportedly almost doubled.
據(jù)報道，去年，這一面積幾乎翻了一番。
 
Over six years, the total amount of land with illegal harvesting activity reached 18,500 square kilometers.
六年多來，存在非法采伐活動的面積總量達到1.85萬平方公里。
 
That information comes from the Amazon Environmental Research Institute which is linked to the World Bank.
該信息來自于與世界銀行存在關(guān)聯(lián)的亞馬遜環(huán)境研究所。
 
Deforestation is increasingly taking place on unallocated lands.
在未劃分土地上，森林砍伐行為越來越猖獗。
 
In 2016, unallocated land made up 31 percent of all illegally cut forest.
2016年，未劃分土地占所有非法砍伐森林面積的31%。
 
Last year, the amount reached 36 percent.
去年，這一數(shù)字達到了36%。
 
The Brazilian nonprofit group Climate Observatory said that almost half of Brazil’s climate pollution comes from deforestation.
巴西非營利組織氣候觀測組織表示，巴西近一半的氣候污染來自森林砍伐。
 
The group said there is so much destruction that the eastern Amazon has, on average, stopped absorbing carbon gasses from the Earth’s atmosphere.
該組織表示，破壞非常嚴(yán)重，換句話說，亞馬遜東部地區(qū)已經(jīng)停止從地球大氣中吸收吸收二氧化碳。
 
Instead, a study published in 2021 in the journal Nature suggests it is now turning into a source of carbon gasses.
相反，2021年發(fā)表在《自然》雜志上的一項研究表明，它現(xiàn)在正變成碳源。
 
Carbon gasses are blamed for trapping heat in the Earth’s atmosphere.
含碳?xì)怏w是在地球大氣中吸收熱量的罪魁禍?zhǔn)住?br />  
Igarapé divides environmental crime in the Amazon into four major illegal activities: stealing of public land; illegal logging; illegal mining; and deforestation connected to agriculture and cattle raising.
伊加拉佩研究所將亞馬遜地區(qū)的環(huán)境犯罪分為四大非法活動：竊取公共土地、非法采伐、非法采礦以及與農(nóng)業(yè)和養(yǎng)牛有關(guān)的森林砍伐。
 
The enforcement operations were spread over 846 places.
執(zhí)法行動分布在846個地區(qū)。
 
Nearly half were in protected areas, like the Yanomami Indigenous Territory.
其中近一半位于保護區(qū)，如亞諾瑪米土著領(lǐng)地。
 
The area has a heavier police presence but has still been invaded by thousands of illegal gold miners.
該地區(qū)的警察人數(shù)較多，但仍有數(shù)千名非法淘金者入侵。
 
The Igarapé study also pointed to a large “ecosystem of crime,” as the police operations took place in 24 of Brazil's 27 states including eight cities in neighboring countries.
伊加拉佩研究所的研究還指出了一個龐大的“犯罪生態(tài)系統(tǒng)”，因為警方的行動發(fā)生在巴西27個州中的24個州，包括鄰國的8個城市。
 
“Environmental crime stems from illicit economies that access consumer markets and financing outside the Amazon,” the report said.
該報告稱：“環(huán)境犯罪源于進入消費者市場的非法經(jīng)濟活動和亞馬遜地區(qū)以外的融資。”
 
I’m Dan Novak.
丹·諾瓦克報道。