演講MP3+雙語文稿:對于80后90后，人們有哪些誤解？

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聽力課堂TED音頻欄目主要包括TED演講的音頻MP3及中英雙語文稿，供各位英語愛好者學(xué)習(xí)使用。本文主要內(nèi)容為演講MP3+雙語文稿:對于80后90后，人們有哪些誤解？，希望你會喜歡！

【演講人及介紹】Reniqua Allen

作家，制片人，記者雷尼夸·艾倫（Reniqua Allen），為種族，機(jī)會，政治和大眾文化等問題的各種媒體制作并撰寫文章。

【演講主題】我們對于千禧一代的認(rèn)識與誤解

【演講文稿-中英文】

翻譯者 Ziyao Wang 校對 Homer Li

00:00

So on the surface, Troy is the kind ofmillennial that think pieces are made of. He's arrogant, self-centered andconvinced that he is smarter than people give him credit for. His favoritetopics of conversation are girls, sneakers and cars -- not a surprise forsomeone who was a teenager just a few years ago. But Troy's mannerisms -- theyreveal the patterns of someone who is scared, troubled and unsure of thefuture.

從表面上看，特洛伊（人名）是那種人們口中的千禧一代。他很傲慢，自私，并且認(rèn)為自己比所有贊揚他的人都聰明。他最喜歡的話題是女生，跑鞋和汽車——鑒于他幾年前還是十幾歲的少年，這并不令人驚訝。但特洛伊的習(xí)慣——反映了他的害怕、煩惱以及對未來的缺乏信心。

00:28

Now Troy also embodies the many positivequalities his generation is known for. An entrepreneurial spirit, anindependent streak and a dedication to his parents. He believes in hard workand has tried gigs in both the licit and underground economies, but he hasn'thad any luck and is just trying to find his way and still dances between bothworlds.

不過特洛伊又具備了很多他這代人出了名的一些優(yōu)秀品質(zhì)。企業(yè)家的精神，獨立的性格，還有對父母的奉獻(xiàn)精神。他相信努力會有回報，嘗試過以合法和地下手段賺錢，但他運氣并不好，只能不停地尋找前進(jìn)的路，并在兩條不同的路之間不停轉(zhuǎn)換。

00:52

When I met Troy a few years ago, he hadbeen employed as a golf caddy at a local country club, carrying bags for richmen and women who often never even acknowledged his existence. Before that, hesold sneakers on Facebook. He even tried selling candy bars and water bottles,but he wasn't making enough money to help his parents out or save up for a carany time soon. So Troy saw how hard his immigrant mother from Jamaica workedand how little she got back in return, and he vowed -- Troy vowed to take adifferent path. So he ended up selling drugs. And then he got caught, and rightnow, he's trying to figure out his next steps.

當(dāng)我?guī)啄昵坝龅教芈逡習(xí)r，他被一家鄉(xiāng)村俱樂部雇用做了一名球童，為常常對他視而不見的富人們拎袋子。在那之前，他在臉書上賣跑鞋。他甚至嘗試過賣糖果和水杯，但他從沒掙夠過足以讓他父母過上好一點生活，或者買一輛車的錢。當(dāng)特洛伊看到從牙買加移民來的母親工作得那么努力但卻得到如此少的回報，他發(fā)誓——發(fā)誓要走一條不同的路。他最后走上了賣毒品的道路。然后他被抓住了，現(xiàn)在他正試著搞明白下一步該怎么辦。

01:31

In a country where money equals power,quick money, at least for a while, gives young men and women like him a senseof control over their lives, though he said he mainly did it because he wantedstability. "I wanted a good life," he told me. "I got greedy andI got caught." Yet the amazing thing about Troy is that he still believesin the American dream. He still believes that with hard work, despite beingarrested, that he can move on up. Now, I don't know if Troy's dreams came true.He disappeared from the program for troubled youth that he was involved in andslipped through the cracks, but on that day that we spoke, I could tell thatmore than anything, Troy was happy that someone listened to his dreams andasked him about his future.

在這個金錢等于權(quán)利的國家，掙快錢在一小段時間內(nèi)可以讓像他一樣的年輕人對生活更有控制感，即使他們說只是為了有更穩(wěn)定的生活?！拔蚁胗忻篮玫纳?，”他告訴我?！拔易兊秘澙?，后來被抓住了?！碧芈逡辽砩献盍钊梭@奇的是他仍相信美國夢。他相信即使被抓住了，通過努力，他仍可以提高自己的社會地位。我不知道特洛伊的夢想有沒有實現(xiàn)。他從自己參與的問題青年項目中消失了，沒再繼續(xù)接受我們的幫助。但是，從我們那天的談話，我可以看出，有人愿意聽他的夢想，詢問他的未來，讓特洛伊很開心。

02:20

So I think about Troy and his optimism whenI think of the reality that so many young, black millennials face when it comesto realizing their dreams. I think about all the challenges that so many blackmillennials have to endure in a world that tells them they can anything theywant to be if they work hard, but actually doesn't sit down to listen to theirdreams or hear stories about their struggle. And we really need to listen tothis generation if we hope to have a healthy and civil society going forward,because millienials of color, they make up a fair chunk of the US and the worldpopulation.

每當(dāng)我想到許多年輕的黑人千禧一代在實現(xiàn)夢想時所面臨的現(xiàn)實時，我就會想到特洛伊和他的樂觀主義。我總想到那么多千禧一代黑人被告知只要努力夢想就能實現(xiàn)，而說那些話的人，連坐下來聽他們的夢想或他們的掙扎 都不愿意時，黑人青年們面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。如果我們想有一個 健康文明的未來社會，我們就必須傾聽 這一代年輕人的聲音，因為千禧一代有色人種青年 組成了美國和 世界相當(dāng)比例的人口。

02:59

Now when we talk about millennials, a groupthat is often labeled as entitled, lazy, overeducated, noncommittal and narcissistic,the conversations often swirl around avocado toast, overpriced lattes and fancyjobs abroad -- you probably have heard all these things before. But millennialsare not a monolith. Actress Lena Dunham may be the media's representation ofthis generation, but Troy and other voices like his are also part of the story.In fact, millennials are the largest and most diverse adult population in thiscountry. 44 percent of all American millennials are nonwhite, but often, youwouldn't even know it at all.

當(dāng)我們講到千禧一代，他們總被貼上享有特權(quán)，懶惰，高學(xué)歷，沒主見，孤芳自賞的標(biāo)簽。話題總是圍繞著牛油果吐司，貴得離譜的拿鐵，海外高級的工作——你也許聽說過這些。但千禧一代的特質(zhì)卻不盡相同。女演員莉娜·丹恩也許成為了媒體眼中這一代人的代表，但特洛伊和很多其他人也是故事的一部分。實際上，千禧一代是美國最大、最多樣化的人群。美國44%的千禧一代青年都是有色人種，只不過人們通常不知道。

03:39

Now sure, there are similarities withinthis population born between 1981 and 1996. Perhaps many of us do love avocadotoast and lattes -- I know I do, right? But there are also extreme differences,often between millennials of color and white millennials. In fact, all toooften, it seems as though we're virtually living in different worlds.

的確，這個出生于 1981和1996年之間的群體有他們自己的特點。也許我們很多人確實喜歡牛油果吐司和拿鐵——至少我是的—— 但千禧一代中的 有色人種和白人有著很大不同。實際上，他們似乎常?；钤?兩個完全不同的世界里。

04:02

Now black millennials, a group that I haveresearched for a book I recently wrote, are the perfect example of the blindspot that we have when it comes to this group. For example, we have lower ratesof homeownership, we have higher student debt, we get ID'd more at voterregistration booths, we are incarcerated at higher rates ... we make lessmoney, we have higher numbers of unemployment -- even when we do go to college,I should say -- and we get married at lower rates. And honestly, that's reallyjust the beginning.

對于千禧一代的黑人青年，我做了研究并寫了一本書，就是我們有關(guān)千禧一代討論中的盲點 最好的例子。比如，我們的房屋擁有率更低，學(xué)生債務(wù)更高，大選投票時被查身份文件的頻率更高，被關(guān)押率更高，賺的錢更少，失業(yè)率更高——即使我們上了大學(xué)——我們的結(jié)婚率也更低。老實說，這只是個開始。

04:40

Now, none of these struggles areparticularly new, right? Young black people in America have been fighting,really fighting hard to get their stories told for centuries. After the CivilWar in the 1800s, Reconstruction failed to deliver the equality that the end ofslavery should have heralded, so young people moved to the North and the Westto escape discriminatory Jim Crow policies. Then, as segregation raged in muchof the country, young black people helped spearhead civil rights campaigns inthe 1950s and 1960s. After that, some people embraced black power and thenbecame Black Panthers and then the next generation, they turned to hip-hop tomake sure their voices were heard. And then Barack Obama, hopeful that he, too,may bring about change. And when that failed, when we realized we were stillbrutalized and battered, we had to let the world know that our lives stillmattered. Now, when technology allows more video of our pain and struggle to bebroadcast to the world, we wonder, like, what is next?

沒有一個上面提到的困難是新出現(xiàn)的。黑人青年在美國努力地斗爭，奮力傳播他們的故事。十九世紀(jì)初的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)后，戰(zhàn)后重建沒有像奴隸制廢除時預(yù)示的那樣達(dá)到人人平等的原則，年輕人們?yōu)榱颂颖芊N族歧視的吉姆·克勞法搬到西部和北部。20 世紀(jì) 50 和 60 年代種族隔離在全國肆虐時，年輕的黑人們擔(dān)當(dāng)了人權(quán)運動的先鋒。后來，有些人接受了黑人權(quán)利并加入了黑豹黨，再下一代人用說唱音樂講述自己的故事。再后來是貝拉克·奧巴馬滿懷希望地爭取改變。當(dāng)有些嘗試失敗時，當(dāng)我們意識到我們?nèi)圆粩啾粋r，我們要讓世界知道我們的生命也很重要。當(dāng)科技讓我們的痛楚和掙扎以視頻的形式 在世界范圍內(nèi)播出時，我們很好奇接下來會發(fā)生什么。

05:42

Our country feels more polarized than ever,yet we are still being told to pull up our pants, be respectable, be lessangry, smile more and work harder. Even the attitudes of millennials themselvesare overdue for an update. Research done by the Washington Post in 2015 aboutthis supposedly "woke" group found that 31 percent of whitemillennials think that blacks are lazier than whites, and 23 percent saythey're not as intelligent. These are, like, surprising things to me, andshocking. And these responses are not that much different than generations inthe past, and it shows that unfortunately, this generation is repeating thesame old stereotypes and tropes of the past. Now, a study conducted by DavidBinder Research and MTV in 2014 -- it found that 84 percent of youngmillennials were taught by their families that everyone should be equal. Thisis a really great thing, a really positive step. But only 37 percent in thatgroup actually talked about race with their families.

當(dāng)下的美國史無前例地兩極化，而我們卻被告知要保持克制，要體面，不要憤怒，多微笑，努力工作。即使以千禧一代青年們的態(tài)度，也遲遲沒有任何進(jìn)展?！度A盛頓郵報》2015年關(guān)于本應(yīng)當(dāng)“被喚醒”的群體的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，31%的白人千禧一代認(rèn)為黑人青年比白人懶惰，23% 認(rèn)為黑人沒白人聰明。這些說法令我相當(dāng)震驚。這些回答其實跟前人的回答相差不大，這項研究也表明這一代人仍在重復(fù)以前的對黑人的模式化看法。大衛(wèi)·賓得研究所和 MTV 在 2014 年進(jìn)行的一項研究表明，84%的千禧一代在家中被親人教導(dǎo)人生而平等。這是很棒的一件事，也是樂觀的一步，但在那些人中，只有37%的人會跟家人討論種族問題。

06:47

So I could understand why things may beconfusing to some. There are definitely black millennials who are succeeding.Marvel's "Black Panther," directed by black millennial Ryan Cooglerand showcasing many others, broke all sorts of records. There's a crop oftelevision shows by creatives like Donald Glover, Lena Waithe and Issa Rae.Beyoncé is, like, the queen, right? She is, like, everything. Young blackauthors are winning awards, Serena Williams is still dominating on the tenniscourt despite all her haters, and there's a crop of new politicians andactivists running for office. So I don't want to, like, kill these moments ofblack joy that I too revel in, but I want to make it clear that these wins aretoo few and far between for a people that's been here for over 400 years. Like,that's insane, right?

我可以理解為什么有些人會很困惑。千禧一代的黑人青年里的確有成功人士。漫威的電影《黑豹》就是由千禧一代的黑人青年瑞安·庫格勒導(dǎo)演，很多其他黑人青年出演的，打破了很多記錄。還有很多有創(chuàng)意的電視劇，由唐納德·格洛沃，列娜·懷瑟，伊莎·瑞等人精心打造。碧昂絲就像天后，不是嗎？她代表了一切。年輕的黑人作家也捧回不少獎項，賽琳娜·威廉姆斯在網(wǎng)球場上所向披靡，哪怕有人不喜歡她。除此以外還有一群新晉黑人政治家和運動領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。我不想壓下這屬于黑人的快樂片刻，因為我也在狂歡中，但我想澄清的是，這還是太少了，且遠(yuǎn)不夠，因為我們已經(jīng)在這里生活了超過四百年，聽起來是不是難以置信？

07:35

And most people still don't really understandthe full picture, right? Our stories are still misunderstood, our bodies arestill taken advantage of, and our voices? Our voices are silenced in a worldthat still shows little concern for our everyday struggles. So our stories needto be told in a multitude of ways by a range of voices talking about diverseand nuanced topics, and they really need to be listened to.

還有很多人依然不能明白全局，不是嗎？我們的故事仍被誤解，我們的身體和聲音仍被利用。我們的聲音被這個對我們?nèi)粘５睦Ь衬魂P(guān)心的世界掩蓋了。我們的故事應(yīng)該以多種方式 被不同的聲音講述，討論我們多樣、 細(xì)致劃分的話題，它們應(yīng)該被聆聽。

08:00

And it is not just here in America, right?It's all around the world. Millennials make up 27 percent of the world'spopulation. That's around two billion people. And with countries like India,China, Indonesia and Brazil, along with the United States, accounting for 50percent of the world's millennials, it's clear that the white, often male,heterosexual narrative of the millennial is only telling half the story. Now,there's many people trying to broaden the palette. They're fighting to gettheir stories told and bust the millennial stereotype. Whether it's students inSouth Africa protesting statues of Cecil Rhodes, Michaela Coel making us laughfrom the UK, or Uche Eze, who's framing views about Nigerian life, online. ButI want to make it clear -- I want to make it really clear to everyone that justbecause things look more equal than they did in the 20th century, doesn't meanthat things are equitable at all. It doesn't mean our experiences areequitable, and it certainly doesn't mean that a post-racial society, that thingthat we talked about so much, ever became close to being a reality.

而且還不能只是在美國，而是在全世界。千禧一代占據(jù)世界人口的27%，那是20億人了。像印度、中國、印尼、巴西和美國這些國家，擁有世界幾近一半的千禧一代青年，很明顯，他們中的異性戀白種男子講述的只是故事的一部分。現(xiàn)在很多人都在嘗試擴(kuò)展他們的調(diào)色板。他們?yōu)榱酥v述自己的故事、去除對千禧一代的模式化印象而奮斗。無論是南非學(xué)生保護(hù)塞西爾·羅茲的雕像的游行，在英國的米歇爾拉·克爾讓我們大笑，還是在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上試圖改變外人對尼日利亞人生活印象的伍徹·厄澤。我想強(qiáng)調(diào)的是——我想讓每個人明白雖然這個世界比20世紀(jì) 看起來更平等，但是這并不意味著 世界是公正的。不意味著我們的 經(jīng)歷是公正的，不意味著我們生活在 一個沒有種族歧視的社會，更不意味著我們的愿望 正在成為現(xiàn)實。

09:05

I think of Joelle, a middle-class20-something who did everything the "right way," but she couldn't goto her dream school, because it was simply too expensive. Or Jalessa, who knowsshe can't be mediocre at her job the same way that her white peers can. OrTrina, who knows that people judge her unconventional family choices in adifferent way than if she were a white woman. Or actor AB, who knows that theroles he takes and gets in Hollywood are different because of his skin color.And then there's Simon. So Simon, by all means, would be an example of someone who'smade it. He's a CFO at a tech company in San Francisco, he has a degree fromMIT and he's worked at some of the hottest tech companies in the world.

這讓我想到了卓艾麗，一個二十多歲，做事效率極高的中產(chǎn)階級家庭的孩子，但她沒能去上夢想的大學(xué)，僅僅是因為學(xué)費太貴。還有賈蕾薩，她知道她不能像她的一些白人伙伴們一樣應(yīng)付她的工作。還有翠娜，人們對她不同尋常的組建家庭方式評頭論足，只因為她不是白人。還有某位演員，知道在好萊塢電影中，由于他的膚色，扮演的角色和別人不同。還有西蒙。西蒙是人們眼中成功的例子。他是舊金山一個科技公司的首席財務(wù)官。他從麻省理工畢業(yè)，為世界上最熱門的科技公司工作。

09:52

But when I asked Simon if he had achievedthe American dream, it took him a while to respond. While acknowledging that hehad a really comfortable life, he admitted that under different circumstances,he might have chosen a different path. Simon really loves photography, but thatwas never a real option for him. "My parents weren't able to subsidize methrough that sort of thing," Simon said. "Maybe that's something mychildren could do." So it's these kinds of stories -- the quieter, moresubtle ones -- that reveal the often unique and untold stories of blackmillennials that show how even dreaming may differ between communities.

但當(dāng)我問西蒙有沒有實現(xiàn)美國夢時，他想了一會兒才回答。雖然他承認(rèn)他過著很舒適的生活，但他也承認(rèn)在不同情況下，他可能選擇不同的人生道路。西蒙很喜歡攝影，但他卻曾經(jīng)沒錢買攝影機(jī)?！拔业母改干踔敛荒苜Y助我去發(fā)展那些興趣”，他說?！耙苍S那是留給下一代的?！边@種故事—— 更不為人知的故事—— 揭露了黑人千禧一代獨特的，從未被講述的故事，告訴我們夢想也會因群體而不同。

10:36

So we really need to listen and hear thestories of this generation, now more than ever, as the baby boomers age andmillennials come to prominence. We can talk all we want to about picklingbusinesses in Brooklyn or avocado toast, but leaving out the stories and thevoices of black millennials, large swaths of the population -- it will onlyincrease divisions. So stories of black millennials, brown millennials and allmillennials of color really need to be told, and they also need to be listenedto. We'd be a far better-off country and world.

我們需要聆聽這一代人的故事，隨著嬰兒潮那一代人老去，以及千禧一代的成長，這種需求比以往更迫切。我們可以隨心所欲地談?wù)摬剪斂肆值碾绮似髽I(yè)，或者牛油果吐司，但忽略千禧一代黑人的故事和聲音—— 這個龐大的群體—— 只會增大分歧。黑人和棕色人種，以及所有有色人種 的千禧一代，他們的故事需要被講述，也需要被傾聽。這樣一來，我們的國家和這個世界都會變得更美好。

11:10

Thank you.

謝謝。

11:11

(Applause)

（掌聲）