演講MP3+雙語文稿:一種檢測(cè)心臟病的救生設(shè)備

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【演講人及介紹】AklashManoj

阿卡什·馬諾奇, 印度國(guó)家杰出成就兒童獎(jiǎng)金獎(jiǎng)獲得者，無聲心臟病發(fā)作檢測(cè)技術(shù)開發(fā)者

【演講主題】一種檢測(cè)無聲心臟病發(fā)作的救生設(shè)備

【演講文稿-中英文】

Translated by Emily Xu Reviewed by Lisa Qin

00:12

When I was 13, I lost my grandfather to asilent heart attack. What happened to be more shocking was that at 75, grandpawas really normal, healthy and energetic, but he was diabetic. Learning all ofthis was so painful that I decided to go out on a war against this deadlykiller and see what could be done.

當(dāng)我13歲時(shí)，我的祖父由于隱性心臟病突然去世。令人更加感嘆的是那天他75歲, 我的祖父非常正常、健康、充滿活力, 但他患有糖尿病。理解這一切對(duì)我來說很痛苦，于是我決心和這個(gè)致命的疾病一戰(zhàn)，看看能做到什么。

00:38

It was shocking to discover the results ofrecent studies that have shown an estimate of nearly eight million people whodie from heart attacks every year. Heart attacks occur for many reasons, butmost often, they occur when arteries get clogged, blood flow is cut off andoxygen-starved cells in the heart muscles start to die.

最近的研究揭露一個(gè)驚人的數(shù)據(jù)，即將近800萬人每年死于心臟病。心臟病發(fā)病原因很多，但在通常情況下，大部分原因是動(dòng)脈堵塞，血流受阻，心肌缺氧的細(xì)胞開始死亡。

01:02

You may know the common symptoms of a heartattack: chest pain, arm pain, shortness of breath, fatigue, et cetera ... butthere is a type of heart attack that is quite common, just as deadly, butharder to detect because the symptoms are silent. People having silent heartattacks just don't realize what's happening, so they're not seeking medicalattention, which means they're less likely to receive the treatment that theyneed at the critical moment. And even if they do get to the hospital by chance,either before or after they are struck by a heart attack, they might have to gothrough one or more of these time-consuming, expensive tests and treatments,which are currently considered the gold standards of heart-attack diagnosis.

你或許知道心臟病的幾個(gè)常見癥狀：胸痛，胳膊痛，呼吸短促，疲勞等。但有一種心臟病非常常見，同樣致命，但更難檢測(cè)，因?yàn)榘Y狀是隱性的。患有隱形心臟病的人意識(shí)不到正在發(fā)生什么，所以他們不會(huì)要求醫(yī)療看護(hù)，這就意味著在關(guān)鍵的時(shí)刻他們不大可能得到所需的治療。即使他們剛好去了醫(yī)院，不管是犯病之前還是之后，他們也許要經(jīng)歷不止一次的測(cè)驗(yàn)和治療，費(fèi)時(shí)且昂貴，而這樣的做法被看作是心臟病診斷的黃金標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

01:57

The greater concern, however, is that thesesilent heart attacks account for nearly 45 percent of all heart attacks.Patients with diabetes and similar disorders suffer from nerve damage thatprevents them from feeling the sort of pain that usually signals to someonethat he or she may be having a heart attack. Which means they suffer the damageof a heart attack without even knowing or feeling anything. These alreadyat-risk patients suffer from nerve damage, and they do not get immediatemedical care. They do not know anything before an unlikely event is about tooccur. My grandfather was an at-risk patient, too.

然而，更令人擔(dān)憂的是，所有心臟病中 45%是隱性心臟病?；加刑悄虿『拖嗨剖д{(diào)疾病的患者神經(jīng)嚴(yán)重受損，導(dǎo)致痛覺不靈敏，而這些痛覺是信號(hào)提醒人們可能性的心臟病發(fā)作。這意味著當(dāng)心臟病發(fā)作時(shí)，他們甚至無法察覺。這些高危病人神經(jīng)受損，不能得到及時(shí)的醫(yī)療護(hù)理。在這樣的小概率事件發(fā)生前，他們一無所知。我的祖父也是高危病人。

02:48

I probed this issue further -- read as muchas I could to understand the heart, met researchers and worked across labs inIndia. And finally, after three long years of persistent research, what I haveto share with the world today is a promising solution. A noninvasive devicethat is inexpensive, portable, wearable by at-risk patients at all times. Itgreatly reduces the need for a blood test and works 24/7, collecting andanalyzing data at preset intervals. And all this data is collected for a singlepurpose: detecting heart attacks as they occur. This is a very promisingsolution that might help us in the future.

我進(jìn)一步研究這個(gè)問題——閱讀大量資料了解心臟，與研究者會(huì)面并在印度各地實(shí)驗(yàn)室工作。最后，持續(xù)研究三年后，我要在今天分享一個(gè)有前途的解決方案。一個(gè)無創(chuàng)設(shè)備，不貴，易攜帶，高危病人可以一直佩戴。它大大減少了驗(yàn)血的需要，全天候工作，在預(yù)設(shè)間隔時(shí)段收集分析數(shù)據(jù)。收集這些數(shù)據(jù)只有一個(gè)目的：在心臟病發(fā)作時(shí)及時(shí)檢測(cè)。這個(gè)設(shè)備大有希望，可以在未來幫助我們。

03:41

You may not know how intelligent your heartreally is. It tries to communicate to your body multiple times before failing,by indicating symptoms like chest pain. These symptoms are triggered when theheart loses out on oxygen-rich blood flow. But remember I told you about thenerve damage. It silences these symptoms before a silent heart attack, whichmakes it even deadlier. And you may not even know the common symptoms.Meanwhile, the heart also sends out certain biomarkers -- cardiac biomarkers orproteins that are SOS messages -- in the form of SOS messages -- into yourbloodstream, indicating that the heart is at risk. As it gets riskier andriskier, the concentrations of these cardiac biomarker proteins keep increasingabysmally. My device solely relies on this data. The key is that these cardiacbiomarkers are found in one of the earliest stages of a heart attack, whensomeone is almost sure to survive if he or she gets prompt care. And my deviceis solely based on that basis.

你也許不知道心臟有多聰明。它在停止工作前會(huì)和身體多次交流，比如顯示胸痛等的癥狀。這些癥狀的誘因是心臟得不到氧氣充足的血流。但還記得我說過的神經(jīng)受損嗎。它會(huì)使隱性心臟病的癥狀不被察覺，從而使心臟病更加致命。你或許甚至都不知道這些典型癥狀. 同時(shí)，心臟也會(huì)發(fā)送一些生物標(biāo)記——心臟生物標(biāo)記或者蛋白質(zhì)是求救信號(hào)——以求救信號(hào)的形式——進(jìn)入血液，提醒心臟處于危險(xiǎn)之中. 隨著風(fēng)險(xiǎn)上升，這些心血管標(biāo)記物蛋白的濃度會(huì)保持不正常的增長(zhǎng)。我的設(shè)備單純依靠數(shù)據(jù)。關(guān)鍵是在心臟病初期發(fā)現(xiàn)這些心血管標(biāo)記物, 在這個(gè)階段如果病人得到及時(shí)治療，非常有可能存活。我的設(shè)備僅以此為基礎(chǔ)。

05:04

And here's how my device works. A siliconpatch is worn around your wrist or placed near your chest. Without having toprick your skin for a biomarker blood test, this patch can spot, isolate andtrack a heart-attack specific biomarker called H-FABP, and alerts you if andwhen it reaches a critical level in your bloodstream -- a process that's muchsimpler, easier and cheaper than conventional methods of heart-attackdiagnosis. By checking on biomarker concentration data, a system like this,with advanced research in the future, could significantly reduce the need foran at-risk patient to go to a doctor for a biomarker blood test, because thedevice could be worn at all times, sensing biomarker elevations in real time.Thus, if the device senses the biomarker levels going beyond the criticalpoint, the at-risk patient could be warned of an impending cardiac arrest andthat he or she needs immediate medical attention.

下面介紹設(shè)備如何工作。硅片穿戴在手腕附近或者放在胸部附近。不用刺穿皮膚進(jìn)行標(biāo)記物血檢，這個(gè)硅片可以發(fā)現(xiàn)、分離并追蹤心臟病特有的標(biāo)記物，即H-FABP，并會(huì)當(dāng)標(biāo)記物在血液中達(dá)到臨界水平時(shí)警告——這個(gè)過程比心臟病傳統(tǒng)診斷方法更簡(jiǎn)單、簡(jiǎn)便，低成本。通過檢查標(biāo)記物濃度數(shù)據(jù)，輔以進(jìn)一步的研究這樣的系統(tǒng)，可以大幅減少高危病人進(jìn)行標(biāo)記物血檢的需求，因?yàn)樵撛O(shè)備可以一直穿戴，實(shí)時(shí)檢測(cè)標(biāo)記物升高。因此，如果設(shè)備檢測(cè)到標(biāo)記物水平接近臨界，高危病人會(huì)收到心臟停搏預(yù)警并需要及時(shí)的醫(yī)療措施。

06:16

Although the device may not be able toprovide the patient with the complete analysis of the cardiac injury, it mightbe of immense help in actually indicating that the patient is in danger, sothat the patient can be alarmed and know that immediate care is crucial.

盡管該措施也許不能為病人提供心臟損傷的完整分析，它或許可以極大幫助判斷病人是否于處危險(xiǎn)，這樣病人可以得到警示知道必須立即采取措施。

06:35

Every at-risk patient will now receive moretime to survive and reach out for medical help. Consequently, they don't haveto go for expensive and invasive medical treatments that would otherwise benecessary after a heart attack.

每一個(gè)高危病人將會(huì)得到更多時(shí)間保住生命并得到醫(yī)療幫助。最終，他們不需要接受昂貴且激進(jìn)的療法，而這樣的治療在心臟病發(fā)作后有必要進(jìn)行。

06:52

When I got my device tested on at-riskpatients under observation, results from the clinical validation testscertified close to a 96 percent accuracy and sensitivity. I intend to make mydevice available to people in two variants: one which gives digital analysis ofthe biomarker levels and a simpler version for the people in rural areas whichsimply vibrates when the biomarker levels go beyond the critical point.

我觀察了設(shè)備在高危病人身上的測(cè)試，臨床驗(yàn)證結(jié)果證明了近96%的準(zhǔn)確性和靈敏度。我想讓人們獲得兩種版本的設(shè)備：一種能夠提供標(biāo)記物水平的數(shù)字分析，另一種是針對(duì)農(nóng)村居民的簡(jiǎn)易版，當(dāng)水平超過臨界點(diǎn)時(shí)設(shè)備就會(huì)震動(dòng)。

07:20

When we look at our progress in cardiachealth care today, it is more of sick care than preventative self-care andtechnology. We literally wait for the heart attack to occur and put our vastmajority of resources into post-care treatment. But by then, irreversibledamage will already be done. I firmly believe it's time for us to rethinkmedicine. We must establish proactive health-care technologies. A change mustbe brought out not 10 years from now, not five years from now, but today. Andso, hopefully, one day, with the help of these devices, someone else won't losehis or her grandfather just like I did.

當(dāng)今，我們觀察心臟醫(yī)療方面的進(jìn)步時(shí)，較多的是疾病護(hù)理而非預(yù)防性的自我護(hù)理和技術(shù)。我們實(shí)際上在等心臟病發(fā)作，并把大量資源放在護(hù)理后的治療上。但到那時(shí)，不可逆的傷害已經(jīng)造成。我堅(jiān)信是時(shí)候重新思考藥物了。我們必須建立積極主動(dòng)的醫(yī)療技術(shù)。改變必須發(fā)生，不是十年內(nèi)，不是五年內(nèi)，而是今天。所以，希望有一天，有了這些設(shè)備的幫助，別人不會(huì)像我這樣失去祖父。

08:02

Thank you so much.

非常感謝。

08:03

(Applause)

（掌聲）