小學(xué)30個語法點(diǎn) Unit 23 現(xiàn)在完成時
- Unit 23 現(xiàn)在完成時
- 語法講解
- 巧學(xué)妙記
- 語法練習(xí)
- 答案
現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生或已完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，也可以表示過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。常與already，just，before，ever，never，yet，for two years，since 2000，so far，recently等時間狀語連用。
過去分詞的構(gòu)成
1．一般動詞在詞尾＋ed
work–worked
look–looked
2．以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的動詞，在詞尾＋d
close–closed
arrive–arrived
3．以“輔音字母＋y ”結(jié)尾的動詞，變y 為i ＋ed
carry–carried
hurry–hurried
4．以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的動詞，詞尾只有一個輔音字母，雙寫結(jié)尾字母＋ed
nod–nodded
stop–stopped
5．不規(guī)則變化隨時記
am/is/are–been
write–written
cut–cut
go–gone
現(xiàn)在完成時的用法現(xiàn)在完成時的形式：主語＋have/has＋動詞的過去分詞
1．表示過去發(fā)生或已完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，常與already，just，ever，never，yet等連用。
I have already finished my homework. 我已經(jīng)完成作業(yè)了。
He has just had lunch. 他剛剛吃完午飯。
2．表示過去開始一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，常與since，for等連用。
We have lived here since two years ago. 我們兩年前就一直住在這里。
They have learned English for three years. 他們學(xué)英語三年了。
She has been in Hainan for seven days. 她在海南待了七天了。
現(xiàn)在完成時注意事項
1．表示動作從過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在用for ＋時間段，since ＋點(diǎn)時間，這時句中的動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞。對for ，since 提問用how long ?，F(xiàn)在完成時不能與when 引導(dǎo)的疑問句連用。
2．have been to 去過
I have been to Beijing twice. 我去過北京兩次。
have gone to 去了
He has gone to New York. 他去紐約了。
have been in 待在
I have been in Changchun for 10 years. 我在長春待了10年了。
學(xué)習(xí)現(xiàn)在完成時，謂語結(jié)構(gòu)要牢記；
“have/has＋過去分詞”。
主要用法有兩個：
過去的動作，對現(xiàn)在的影響，just，already常用著。
過去的動作或狀態(tài)，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，for，since把時間帶。
一、填空。
A．用already或yet填空。
1．—Have they taken down the old pictures?
—No, not _________.
2．Most of us have finished our homework _________.
3．He hasn't visited the Great Wall ________.
B．用have gone或have been填空。
1．—Where are the boy students?
—They _______ to the school factory.
2．—Is your father in? No, he _______ to Shenzhen.
________ he ever __________ there before?
—Yes, he _______ there several times.
3．He _______ to Hangzhou before. But I ________ never ________ to that city before.
二、寫出下列動詞的過去式和過去分詞。
1．go _________ _________
2．play _________ _________
3．put _________ _________
4．dance _________ _________
5．work _________ _________
三、選擇正確的答案。
1．His father __________ in 1991.
A．was dead
B．died
C．has died
D．dead
2．Lily __________London for five years.
A．has come to
B．has been to
C．has been in
D．came to
3．I have taught in the school __________ ten years ago.
A．/
B．a(chǎn)bout
C．for
D．since
4．Mr. Smith __________ here since the factory opened.
A．has gone
B．has come
C．has been
D．has arrived
5．—Where has he gone?
—He __________ to America.
A．has gone
B．has been
C．went
D．goes
一、A．1．yet 2．a(chǎn)lready 3．yet
B．1．have gone 2．has gone; Has, been; has been 3．has been; have, been
二、1．went, gone
2．played, played
3．put, put
4．danced, danced
5．worked, worked
三、1．B
2．C
3．D
4．C
5．A
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