考點1 There be結(jié)構(gòu)
There be句型表示某物或某事存在或不存在。There be后面的名詞是句子的主語,屬倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
1. There be句型與情態(tài)動詞連用
There be句型中的謂語動詞be可與各種情態(tài)動詞連用。
He felt that there must be something wrong. 他感到一定是出了錯兒。
There should be a law against that. 應(yīng)該有法律來約束它。
2. There be句型與happen to, appear/seem to, be going to, used to, be likely to等連用
There be句型中的謂語動詞be還可以與happen to(碰巧),appear/seem to(似乎),be going to(將會),used to(曾經(jīng)),have to(必須),be likely to(很可能)等連用。
There happened to be an old friend of mine in the club.
在那個俱樂部碰巧有我的一個老朋友。
There used to be a tall building by the playground. 過去,在操場邊上有一座高樓。
There is likely to be an exhibition in that galary next weekend.
下周末,那家畫廊可能有一次展覽。
3. There be句型中be動詞的變體
There be句型中的動詞be有時可根據(jù)情況換成其他動詞。這些動詞有兩類:一類是表示存在概念的狀態(tài)動詞,如:exist, remain, live, lie, stand;一類是表示某事發(fā)生或某人到達等概念的不及物動詞,如:come, enter, arise, occur, follow, appear。
There lies a river behind the house. 房子后面有一條河。
Then there came a knock at the door. 然后聽到了敲門聲。
There once lived a poor farmer who had four sons.
從前有個窮苦的農(nóng)夫,他有四個兒子。
注意
在這類句型中,有時將地點狀語提前(置于句首),則可以省略there。
Behind the house(there)lies a river. 房子后面有一條河。
4. There be的非謂語動詞形式
There be 結(jié)構(gòu)也可以以不定式(there to be)、動名詞(there being)和現(xiàn)在分詞(there being)的形式出現(xiàn)在句子中,作主語、賓語或狀語。
I don’t want there to be any more trouble. 我不希望再有麻煩了。(不定式作賓語)
I expect there to be no argument about this.
我希望對此沒有什么爭論。(不定式作賓語)
What’s the chance of there being an election this year?
今年舉行大選的可能性有多大?(動名詞作介詞賓語)
There being a bus stop so near the house is a great advantage.
離房子這么近有一個汽車站,這太便利了。(動名詞作主語)
There being nothing else to do, we went home.
沒有別的事可做,我們就回家了。(分詞作狀語,屬于獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu))
5. There be構(gòu)成的固定句型
· There is no point in+v-ing:沒道理,沒用,沒必要
· There is no use(in)+v-ing:毫無用處
· There is no sense in+v-ing:毫無道理
· There is no need to+v:沒有必要
· There is no doubt that... 毫無疑問
例如:
There is no point in arguing further. 再爭下去也沒用。
There is no use in hiding that fact from him. 對他隱瞞那個事實沒什么用。
There is no sense in making a child suffer like that.
讓一個孩子受那樣的苦是毫無道理的。
There is no need for him to remain in Shanghai. 他沒有必要再留在上海。
There is no doubt that our educational system leaves something to be desired.
毫無疑問,我們的教育制度令人不滿意。