40　不定式作狀語(yǔ)　Track38

 

動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)， 主要表示目的、結(jié)果和條件。
（1）作目的狀語(yǔ)
a.Hating people is like burning down your own house to get rid of a rat.
憎恨別人，就好像為了趕走一只老鼠，而把自己的房子燒掉。
b. To avoid criticism, do nothing, say nothing, be nothing.
c. To acquire knowledge, one must study; but to acquire wisdom, one must observe.
d.We had better start early to catch the train.
e.I went to the post office to mail a letter.
f.I'd climb the highest mountain, just to see you smile. I'd swim the ocean, just to hold your hand. I'd run a million miles, just to be with you forever.
我們可用in order to do或so as to do強(qiáng)調(diào)目的狀語(yǔ)。
g.We had better start early so as to catch the train.
h.I went to the post office in order to mail a letter.
i.I quote others in order better to express my own self.
我引用別人的話，是為了更好地表達(dá)自己。
j.The teacher raised her voice in order for us to hear more clearly.
需要注意的是，so as to一般不用在句首，但to do或in order to do可提到句首。
（2）作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)
1） Only to do... 引出意想不到或不愉快的結(jié)果。 （四、六級(jí)考試重點(diǎn)）
a.We hurried to the railway station, only to find the train had just left.
我們匆匆忙忙趕到火車站，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)火車剛剛離站。
b.Many women complain that they’re educated as equals, only to go out into the workforce to be treated as inferiors.
很多女性抱怨說(shuō)，她們和男人們接受同樣的教育，結(jié)果在職場(chǎng)上卻被認(rèn)為低人一等。
c.He worked very hard,_________he had not finished half of the job.
A. to find
B. finding
C. just finding
D. only to find
正確答案：D。
2） so...as to, such as to表示結(jié)果，注意不要漏掉as。
a.Her story is such as to arouse our sympathy. = Her story is so sad as to arouse our sympathy.
b.His indifference is such as to make everyone despair.
c.He is so indifferent as to make everyone despair.
d.She looks so beautiful as to attract all of us.
e.She had such a good friend as to help her when she was in trouble.
f.Her voice is such as to make everyone stare. = Her voice is so loud/bad as to make everyone stare.
3） enough...to結(jié)構(gòu)
a.He is not old enough to go to school.　他還沒(méi)有到上學(xué)的年齡。
b.The teacher speaks loudly enough to make himself heard clearly.
4） too...to結(jié)構(gòu)
① 通常，這一結(jié)構(gòu)的意思是“太……以致不能……”，形式是肯定的，意思是否定的。
a.The box is too heavy for me to even move.
這箱子太沉了，我挪不動(dòng)。
b.The tea is too hot to drink.
② 在too ready/anxious/eager to do結(jié)構(gòu)中，因?yàn)閠oo不是修飾形容詞ready/anxious/eager的，而是修飾整個(gè)ready/anxious/eager to do的，故此結(jié)構(gòu)有“時(shí)刻準(zhǔn)備……，急于……，非常想……”等意思，形式是肯定的，意思也是肯定的。
a.You are t oo ready to find faults with other people.
你也太愛(ài)找別人茬兒了。
b.I'm just too eager to help you.　我非常樂(lè)意幫助你。
③ too前若有only，all，but，really修飾時(shí)，此結(jié)構(gòu)亦表示肯定。
a.I am only too pleased to help you.
b.He would be only too glad to be her boyfriend, but he knew he couldn't match her in family status.
他何嘗不想成為她的男朋友，但他知道他的門第配不上她。
（3）作條件狀語(yǔ)
當(dāng)不定式表示條件時(shí)，句子謂語(yǔ)通常含有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如：will，would，shall，should，must，can，could等。
a.You would be stupid not to ask for a raise.
如果你不要求漲工資，那真是愚蠢。
這句話相當(dāng)于：You would be stupid if you don't ask for a raise.
b.One must be out of his mind to do such a thing .（=...if he does such a thing）
c.I would have been happy to be invited to the party .（=...if I had been invited... But I was not invited. 這是虛擬語(yǔ)氣。）
d.The father will be proud for his son to win the gold medal. （=...if his son wins the gold medal. 不定式帶有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)。）