高中語(yǔ)法專練：vii. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)：其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是整個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)

vii. 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)：其邏輯主語(yǔ)就是整個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)

1. 不定式作狀語(yǔ)，常表示目的或結(jié)果。

Just now he came here in order to borrow my bike.

剛才他來(lái)這兒借我的自行車。

Tom is too young to go to school.

湯姆太小了不能上學(xué)。

2. 分詞作狀語(yǔ)也表示結(jié)果，但常表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式或伴隨。

1）“only +不定式”表示的是一個(gè)相反的或出乎意料的結(jié)果，意為“不料，反而，結(jié)果卻，想不到”；“only +現(xiàn)在分詞”通常是一個(gè)自然而然的或意料之中的結(jié)果。

He lifted a rock only to have it drop on his own feet.

他搬起石頭砸了自己的腳。

He rushed to the door, only to discover that it was locked.

他沖到門口，只是發(fā)現(xiàn)門鎖著。

He dropped the plate, only breaking it into pieces.

他把盤子弄掉了，摔成了碎片。

2）表示時(shí)間、原因、條件、伴隨、方式等用分詞。

When leaving the airport, they waved again and again to us.

當(dāng)離開(kāi)機(jī)場(chǎng)的時(shí)候，他們不斷對(duì)我們招手。

Being ill, he didn't come to school yesterday.

由于生病他昨天沒(méi)來(lái)上學(xué)。

Given more time, he could do it better.

給他更多的時(shí)間，他就能做得更好。

She sat at the desk, reading a book .

她坐在書桌邊讀書。

3）分詞作狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)一定要與主句的主語(yǔ)保持一致。

Hearing the good news, he couldn't keep back his tears of joy.

聽(tīng)到這個(gè)好消息，他禁不住高興地流出了眼淚。

Seen from the hill, the park looks more beautiful.

從山上望去，公園看上去更美了。

Seeing from the hill, we can find the park more beautiful.

從山上看去，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)公園更美了。

3. 分詞一般式表示分詞的動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或緊接著發(fā)生；分詞完成式表示分詞的動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作。

Hearing the news, he got angry.

聽(tīng)到這消息，他生氣了。

While walking along the street, I met a friend of mine.

沿街走的時(shí)候，我遇到了一位朋友。

Having worked for three hours, he took a rest.

工作了三個(gè)小時(shí)，他休息了一會(huì)兒。

Having lived in Beijing for many years, he knows the city very well.

在北京住了很多年后，他對(duì)北京很了解。

4. 如果句子的主語(yǔ)（分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)）是分詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，用現(xiàn)在分詞的主動(dòng)式；如果是分詞動(dòng)作的承受者用過(guò)去分詞；如果既表示被動(dòng)又強(qiáng)調(diào)先后關(guān)系，用分詞完成式的被動(dòng)式。

Having been shown the lab, they were led to the dinning hall.

被領(lǐng)著看了圖書館之后，他們被領(lǐng)著去餐廳。

Heated to 100℃, water begins to boil.

加熱到100攝氏度之后，水開(kāi)始沸騰了。

Compared with my classmates, I still have a long way to go.

與同學(xué)們相比，我還有很長(zhǎng)的路要走。

注意：

如果分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)和句子的主語(yǔ)不是同一人或物時(shí)，要用分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。

Having finished their work/Their work having been finished , they went home.

工作完成后，他們回家了。

The visitors have come, following some workers/some workers following them .

游客們已經(jīng)進(jìn)來(lái)了，跟著幾個(gè)工人。

專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

1. This dish cloth is _______ for me to dry the dishes.

A. so wet

B. wet enough

C. as wet

D. too wet

2. The house is much too small _______.

A. for us to live

B. for us to live in

C. that we can't live

D. that we can't live in

3. The light was strong enough _______.

A. read by

B. to read by

C. read under

D. to read

4. He didn't speak slowly enough _______.

A. everyone understood

B. for everyone understood

C. for everyone to understand

D. for everyone to be understood

5. Would you be _______ to show me the way to the City Hall?

A. good enough

B. good enough as

C. so good

D. as good as

6. He was so foolish _______ his car unlocked.

A. to leave

B. that leave

C. as to leave

D. for him to leave

7. Napoleon spoke so loudly as to _______ in front of his soldiers.

A. hear

B. be heard

C. listen

D. be listened

8. Do you think him easy _______.

A. to get along with

B. to get along

C. to be got along with

D. to be got along

9. The water is good _______.

A. to drink it

B. to be drunk

C. to drink

D. at drinking

10. His speech in English was difficult _______.

A. in following

B. for being followed

C. to follow

D. to be followed by

11. Good-bye, Mr. Jones. I'm pleased _______.

A. for meeting you

B. to meet you

C. to have been meeting you

D. to have met you

12. I have enjoyed my visit here. I'll be very sorry _______.

A. for leaving

B. of leaving

C. to leave

D. left

13. I spoke to him kindly _______ him.

A. to not frighten

B. so as not to frighten

C. in order to not frighten

D. for not frightening

14. Tom is waiting _______ the doctor.

A. to see

B. for to see

C. for seeing

D. for see

15. I went to see him _______ him out.

A. finding

B. find

C. only to find

D. only found

16. _______ , one needs much practice.

A. To learn swimming well

B. To learn to swim well

C. Swimming to be learned well

D. Learning swim well

17. _______ , I don't like her sister.

A. Telling the truth

B. Been told the truth

C. To tell the truth

D. To tell the true

18. _______ for several weeks, the city was short of food and clothing.

A. As having flooded

B. As flooding

C. Having been flooded

D. to flood

19. _______ tomorrow's lessons, I have no time to go out with you.

A. Not preparing

B. Not prepare

C. Not being prepared

D. Not having prepared

20. _______ from the space, the earth looks like a blue ball covered by water.

A. See

B. Saw

C. Seeing

D. Seen

21. Look around when _______ the street.

A. across

B. crossing

C. crossed

D. to be crossing

22. We walked as fast as we could, _______ to catch the 9:30 train.

A. hoping

B. to hope

C. we hoped

D. being hoped

23. _______ what he had already, the new stamps were not very interesting.

A. Comparing with

B. Being compared with

C. To compare with

D. Compared with

24. _______ the cry for help, people immediately rushed out of the rooms.

A. To hear

B. Hearing

C. Having heard

D. They hearing

25. It _______ heavily, the outing had to be put off.

A. being rained

B. being raining

C. raining

D. rains

26. The sun _______ , they went home.

A. set down

B. setted

C. setting

D. sets

27. _______ the concert began.

A. The listeners having taken their seats

B. Having taken their seats

C. Have taken their places

D. The listeners to have taken their places

28. _______ Hello, he reached out his hand.

A. Said

B. Saying

C. Talked about

D. Talking to

29. He rushed into the room, _______.

A. with sweat dripping

B. sweat dripped

C. dripped sweat

D. sweated

30. _______ , I went out for a walk.

A. There was nothing to do

B. There being nothing to do

C. There had nothing to do

D. There were nothing to do

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