高中語法專練：vi. 非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語：其邏輯主語是被修飾的名詞

vi. 非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語：其邏輯主語是被修飾的名詞

1. 動(dòng)名詞作定語，只說明名詞的用途，與所修飾名詞是使用關(guān)系而非主謂關(guān)系。

This is my new sleeping car .

這是我的新小臥車。

They are in the meeting room now.

他們現(xiàn)在會(huì)議室里。

2. 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語與所修飾的詞是主謂關(guān)系；有進(jìn)行和持續(xù)意義，通常與謂語動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)同時(shí)進(jìn)行或發(fā)生；或者分詞本身有一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語或者分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間由上下文明確表示出來。

Do you know the boy lying under the tree？

你認(rèn)識(shí)躺在樹下的男孩兒?jiǎn)幔?

There was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light.

突然閃光之后傳來一聲可怕的巨響。

The house standing there was built five years ago.

矗立在那邊的房子是五年前建的。

The boy reading in that corner yesterday was my brother.

昨天在拐角讀書的那個(gè)男孩兒是我弟弟。

注意： 現(xiàn)在分詞完成式不作定語; being不能單獨(dú)作定語：

Anyone who's outside/being outside must come in at once.

在外邊的任何人必須馬上進(jìn)來。

The teacher scolded the boy who had broken the window/having broken the window .

老師責(zé)備了打破窗戶的那個(gè)男生。

3. 現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式作定語：定語與被修飾詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或與謂語同時(shí)發(fā)生。

The large building being built down the street will be a hospital.

沿街在建的那座大樓將是一家醫(yī)院。

He asked who the man being operated on was.

他問在接受手術(shù)的那個(gè)男的是誰？

The building built last year/having been built is in use now.

去年建的那座大樓在使用中。

注意： 現(xiàn)在分詞完成式的被動(dòng)式不能作定語。

4. 不定式作定語

1）常含有將來時(shí)間概念，或含有情態(tài)意義，即含有should, can, must , have to, worth等意義。

He has borrowed some books to read(=he'll read) .

他買了幾本書要讀。

2）The first/last/second/best/worst/only +名詞，用不定式作定語，可表示過去意義。

He was the last student to come to school today.

今天他是最后一個(gè)到校的學(xué)生。

This is the only way to work out the problem.

這是唯一能算出這道題的方法。

3）與被修飾詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，不定式的邏輯主語是句中另外某個(gè)詞或暗含。

Do you have anything to say for yourself?

你有什么要為自己說的嗎？

Please lend me a book to read .

請(qǐng)借給我一本書讀。

4）作表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、同位關(guān)系的名詞的定語。

It is time for us to go to school .

我們?cè)撋蠈W(xué)去了。

Let's think of a way to kill the wolf .

咱們想出一個(gè)殺狼的辦法吧。

He has only a cold room to live in .

他僅有一間寒舍可居住。

They had no chance

to go to school.

他們沒有上學(xué)機(jī)會(huì)。

5. 不定式的被動(dòng)式常指一個(gè)未來的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。

Are you going to the party to be given tomorrow ?

你要參加明天舉行的晚會(huì)嗎？

The questions to be answered are on page 40.

要回答的問題在第四十頁(yè)。

6. 過去分詞表示一個(gè)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作或沒有一定的時(shí)間性，與所修飾的名詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。

Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.

應(yīng)邀到會(huì)的大多數(shù)畫家來自南非。

I hate to see letters written in pencil.

我討厭看見鉛筆寫的信。

Have you read any short stories written by Lu Xun?

你讀過魯迅寫的短篇小說嗎？

7. “介詞+動(dòng)名詞”作定語與不定式作定語在某些詞后無區(qū)別。

1）在名詞opportunity, chance, way后

This is the best opportunity to invite (opportunity of inviting ) him to dinner.

這是邀請(qǐng)他赴宴的最好機(jī)會(huì)。

There'll be a chance of visiting (= to visit) John, I think.

我覺得有機(jī)會(huì)拜訪約翰。

That is the best way of doing it (= to do it) .

那是做那件事的最好辦法。

2）在動(dòng)詞decide, agree后

They agreed on sharing (= to share) the cost of the house.

他們同意分?jǐn)偡抠M(fèi)。

In the end she decided on buying (= to buy) the green hat.

最后她決定買一頂綠色的帽子。

3）在形容詞content, fortunate后

They were quite content with staying (= to stay) where they were.

他們樂意呆在原地。

She is fortunate for having (= to have） such a good son.

她很幸運(yùn)有這么一個(gè)好兒子。

專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

1. The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to _______.

A. sit

B. sit on

C. be sat

D. be sat on

2. I'm not sure which restaurant _______.

A. to eat on

B. eating at

C. to eat at

D. for eating

3. —What do you think of this middle school?

—It is a very good _______.

A. school to study

B. school to study in

C. studying school

D. school for children to study

4. —I'd like to buy an expensive camera.

—Well, we have several models _______.

A. to choose from

B. of choice

C. to be chosen

D. for choosing

5. We had no money and no place _______.

A. to live in

B. to live

C. living in

D. living

6. He loves parties. He is always the first _______ and the last _______.

A. coming;leaving

B. to come; to leave

C. comes; leaves

D. come; leave

7. Before he had no chance _______.

A. to go to school

B. to go school

C. going to school

D. to go to the school

8. Now the need _______ other people's language is becoming greater and greater.

A. to learn

B. learning

C. to be learned

D. being learned

9. This is an important matter. I need at least a day or two _______.

A. of thinking over it

B. to think it over

C. of thinking it over

D. to think over it

10. It is time _______ wheat.

A. for sow

B. of sowing

C. to sow

D. to sowing

11. “Do you have any clothes _______ today?” the maid asked.

A. to wash

B. to be washed

C. wash

D. be washed

12. This is the best play _______ last year.

A. to perform

B. to be performed

C. performing

D. to have performed

13. This book can be used in _______ countries.

A. English-speaking

B. English-spoken

C. English-spoke

D. English-speak

14. At present, English is the main subject _______ here.

A. to be taught

B. being taught

C. teaching

D. to be teaching

15. Snow was falling when they went along a mountain path _______ to the front.

A. to lead

B. led

C. leading

D. being led

16. —Who are those people with the banner？

—A group _______ itself the League for Peace.

A. calling

B. calls

C. called

D. is called

17. “The picture writing” _______ long long ago is hard for us to understand today.

A. having been drawn

B. being drawn

C. was drawn

D. drawn

18. How I regret the days _______ in doing the useless work!

A. which wasted

B. wasted

C. which wasting

D. having been wasted

19. The students, _______ at the way the questions were put, didn't know the answers to them.

A. they surprising

B. surprised

C. their being surprised

D. surprise

20. The pen _______ belongs to me.

A. which it is on the table

B. lying on the table

C. is on the table

D. which on the table

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