高中語(yǔ)法專練：v. that, which, who引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的用法區(qū)別

v. that, which, who引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的用法區(qū)別

1. 當(dāng)先行詞是指物的不定代詞如all, much, little, everything, nothing, some, any, anything等時(shí)，只能用that引導(dǎo)從句，而且在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常常可省略。

I have told you all that I know.

我已經(jīng)告訴了你我所知道的一切。

Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?

你還有什么要為自己說(shuō)的嗎？

There's too much that I have to do today.

今天我必須做的事情太多了。

2. 當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或受序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)只能用that引導(dǎo)從句。

This is the first question that I want to ask.

這是我想問(wèn)的第一個(gè)問(wèn)題。

She is the last that I would like to make friends with.

她是我最不想與其交朋友的人。

3. 當(dāng)先行詞是最高級(jí)或受最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，只能用that引導(dǎo)從句。

This is the most interesting TV play tha t I have watched.

這是我看過(guò)的最有趣的電視劇。

4. 當(dāng)先行詞受the very, the only, the right, just the, exactly the, no, none, every之類的詞修飾時(shí)，只能用that不用which, who, whom引導(dǎo)從句。

This is the very pen (that) I am looking for.

這正是我在尋找的那支筆。

He was the only person that was present at that time.

他是當(dāng)時(shí)唯一在場(chǎng)的人。

There's no book (that) I can read.

沒(méi)有我能讀的書。

5. 先行詞是既指人又指物的并列名詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能用that，不用which引導(dǎo)從句。

The boy and his story that you told me about are very interesting.

你告訴我的有關(guān)這個(gè)男孩子和他的故事很有意思。

I'll never forget the persons and the places that I visited yesterday.

我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了昨天拜訪過(guò)的人和參觀過(guò)的地方。

6. 當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作前置介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，用指物的which或指人的whom，而不用that或who引導(dǎo)從句。

This is the book that/which I spoke to you about .

這就是我對(duì)你提起過(guò)的那本書。

This is the book about which I spoke to you.

這就是我對(duì)你提起過(guò)的那本書。

Lei Feng was a comrade from whom we all should learn.

雷鋒是一位我們都應(yīng)該向其學(xué)習(xí)的同志。

7. 當(dāng)先行詞是指人的不定代詞everyone, everybody, anyone, anybody, nobody等時(shí)，用who,而不用that引導(dǎo)從句。

Is there anyone who can lend me a little money?

有能借給我一點(diǎn)錢的人嗎？

It isn't everybody who can do that.

并非每個(gè)人都能干這件事。

8. 當(dāng)先行詞是指人的指示代詞these, those等時(shí)，用who/whom引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，而不用that。

Those who break the laws must be punished.

那些違法的人必須受到懲罰。

Don't you think these who work hard and obey the rules should be praised?

難道你不覺(jué)得學(xué)習(xí)努力且遵守紀(jì)律的這些人應(yīng)該受到表?yè)P(yáng)嗎？

9. 當(dāng)先行詞是指人的人稱代詞時(shí)，用who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，而不用that。

He who plays with fire will get burnt.

玩兒火者必自焚。

10. 當(dāng)先行詞指人，但是在定語(yǔ)從句中是表示職業(yè)或身份時(shí)，用which而不用who。

After graduating from college, he became a lawyer, which his parents wanted him to be.

大學(xué)畢業(yè)后，他當(dāng)了律師。這是他父母希望他從事的職業(yè)。

He is a writer, which is respectable.

他是位作家，作家是受人尊敬的。

11. 當(dāng)指人的關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

The factory is quite different from the one that is used to be.

這個(gè)工廠已與從前完全不同了。

Mr. Smith isn't the person that he was the year before last.

前年史密斯先生可不是這個(gè)樣子。

12. 當(dāng)先行詞是疑問(wèn)代詞或主句是以who或which開頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，為了避免重復(fù)用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

Who is the person that is making the speech on the stage?

正在舞臺(tái)上發(fā)言的人是誰(shuí)呢？

Which of you that would like to go swimming with me this afternoon?

你們中哪位愿意今天下午和我去游泳呢？

13. 當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句在There/Here be句型中時(shí)，用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。

Here is the i-Phone 5 that you are looking for.

這就是你在找的i-Phone 5.

There is a seat in the corner that is still empty.

角落里還有一個(gè)空位。

14. 如果作先行詞的集體名詞著眼于集體的整體，關(guān)系代詞用which；若是指集體中的各個(gè)成員，則用who。

Class 4 who are having English lessons now are all league members.

正在上英語(yǔ)課的四班全都是團(tuán)員。

Our class which is made up of six small groups is a very large class.

我們班是由六個(gè)小組構(gòu)成的大班。

專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

1. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _______ they remembered in the school.

A. which

B. that

C. who

D. whom

2. Is there anything _______?

A. that you don't understand

B. which you don't quite sure

C. about which you are not quite sure

D. you are not sure

3. The second question _______ with pollution is the most difficult.

A. which has something to do

B. has something to do

C. that has something to do

D. that has anything to do

4. This is the third week _______ the dustmen haven't come for the rubbish.

A. that

B. when

C. which

D. on which

5. This is the least interesting book _______ during my holidays.

A. which I have ever read

B. what I have ever read

C. I have ever read

D. that I have ever read it

6. The last question _______ was obviously the most difficult for me to answer.

A. which he asked

B. that he was asked it

C. he asked

D. he asked it

7. Along the wall stand several bookshelves _______ are all kinds of books.

A. on that

B. on which

C. which

D. at which

8. I will give your daughter a toy plane _______ she will like to play.

A. which

B. that

C. for which

D. with which

9. In the bag he found a piece of paper _______ some special words.

A. which was written

B. on that were written

C. on which were written

D. on it were written

10. The invention _______ she spent two years will do good to the world.

A. which

B. that

C. on which

D. when

11. All the apples _______ fell down were eaten by the pigs.

A. those

B. that

C. which

D. what

12. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn?

A. that

B. /

C. which

D. it

13. I'll tell you _______ he told me last week.

A. all which

B. all what

C. that all

D. all that

14. Did you see the man _______?

A. I nodded just now

B. whom I nodded just now

C. whom I nodded to him

D. whom I nodded to just now

15. —How do you like the book ?

—It's quite different from _______ I read last month.

A. that

B. which

C. the one what

D. the one

16. In the dark street, there wasn't a single person _______ she could turn for help.

A. to whom

B. who

C. from whom

D. that

17. It is the third time _______ arrived late this month.

A. that you

B. when you

C. when you've

D. that you've

18. They arrived at a small house _______ there was an old tree.

A. in front of which

B. in the front of which

C. in which

D. before that

19. Can you tell me the name of the factory _______ you paid a visit last weak?

A. what

B. which

C. to which

D. to that

20. He showed me the house _______ he was born.

A. which

B. in which

C. in where

D. in that

21. We should learn from those _______ are always ready to help others.

A. that

B. whom

C. they

D. who

22. His sister has become a teacher, _______ was what he wanted to be.

A. who

B. what

C. that

D. which

23. Who _______ has common sense will do such a thing?

A. that

B. who

C. which

D. whom

24. He's not the naughty boy _______ you thought him to be.

A. that

B. who

C. whom

D. whose

25. Here's the pen _______ you left behind the other day.

A. which

B. that

C. with which

D. of which

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