BBC紀(jì)錄片《大麻 罪惡之種》 第14期：行為測(cè)驗(yàn)?zāi)锼詫m
I've got a shed full of mops and buckets that he persuaded me to buy, when he was very fixated on cleaning.
他癡迷清潔的那段時(shí)間，整個(gè)儲(chǔ)物室都是他讓我買的拖把和水桶。
Yet even at this point, Sheila and Dave didn't connect Paul's behaviour with cannabis
盡管到了這個(gè)時(shí)候，希拉和戴夫還不認(rèn)為保羅的行為和大麻有關(guān)。
Because they didn't even know he was smoking it.
因?yàn)樗麄兏静恢浪谖舐椤?/p>
Innocently, every week we would give him an allowance...
每周我們都會(huì)給他零用錢，也不知道他用來干什么...
Even then we didn't make the link between how he was behaving and the fact that he smoking, that necessarily, did we?
即使出現(xiàn)了問題，我們還沒有把他這種行為的原因，和他吸大麻的事實(shí)聯(lián)系起來，這兩者關(guān)聯(lián)是必然的，是吧？
I know that sounds probably a bit naive now.
我知道，現(xiàn)在這些聽起來有點(diǎn)幼稚。
It was only once Sheila and Dave took Paul to a psychiatrist that they connected his problems with cannabis.
直到有一次他們帶保羅去看心理醫(yī)生，他們才把他的問題和大麻聯(lián)系起來。
Paul was diagnosed with schizophrenia, and prescribed anti-psychotic medication which he may have to take for the rest of his life.
保羅被診斷為精神分裂癥，從此以后，他或許要終生服用精神抑制類藥物。
But although the connection between Paul's cannabis use and schizophrenia may seems clear...
但是，盡管保羅的病和大麻的關(guān)系看起來如此明顯。
It's extremely hard to demonstrate.
但卻極難證明。
Proving the link between cannabis and psychosis is never going to be easy.
要證明大麻和精神病有關(guān)一點(diǎn)也不簡(jiǎn)單。
It's a bit like a chicken and the egg situation.
就像是證明先有雞還是先有蛋一樣。
Does the drug cause mental illness, or is it that people with mental illness in some way seek out cannabis?
是大麻導(dǎo)致了精神疾病，還是有精神疾病的人需要大麻？
One person trying to untangle this puzzle is Dr. Cathy Fernandes.
凱西·費(fèi)爾南德斯博士在嘗試解開這個(gè)謎團(tuán)。
Tell me, how are you studying the link between cannabis and schizophrenia?
請(qǐng)告訴我，你是如何研究大麻和精神分裂間的關(guān)系的。
Well, what we're really interested in is the long-lasting effects of cannabis.
我們真正感興趣的是使用大麻產(chǎn)生的長(zhǎng)期效果。
We're using mice to do this, because we can control when they have the cannabis, what age they have it, and for how long.
我們正在用老鼠來做實(shí)驗(yàn)，因?yàn)檫@樣能控制它們使用大麻的時(shí)間，年齡和使用期限。
So this is the centre of your experiment. What goes on here?
這就是你試驗(yàn)的核心。這里會(huì)發(fā)生什么事？
That's right. This is a behavioural task called the Morris Water Maze.
沒錯(cuò)。這是一種行為測(cè)試，叫莫里水迷宮。
It's a spatial memory task, so we are looking at differences in memory and learning.
這是一種空間記憶測(cè)試，通過它能測(cè)試實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象的記憶和學(xué)習(xí)能力。
They have to learn the location of a hidden platform in the pool.
它們要學(xué)會(huì)找到水池中一個(gè)隱藏平臺(tái)的位置，
So here we have the platform. That's hidden below the level of the water.
這就是那個(gè)平臺(tái)，它隱藏在水面下。
And you got the water, it's sort of opaque, isn't it?
水是渾濁的是吧？
That's right, yes. It hides the platform under the water.
是的，這樣才會(huì)看不見平臺(tái)。
So really they've got to learn to navigate by using cues or objects outside the room.
它們要學(xué)會(huì)使用房間里的線索或物品來記憶位置。
So if you look around the room, we have various objects outside the pool, and these help the animals to navigate.
環(huán)顧一下房間，可以看到我們有很多物品來提供線索。
So when they reach the platform, they can look up and try and locate themselves.
這樣，當(dāng)他們到達(dá)平臺(tái)時(shí)，就能向上看這些物品并嘗試定位了。
So we're looking at really how fast and how quickly they reach the platform,
我們正在觀察它們到達(dá)平臺(tái)的時(shí)間，
and if they can swim in a straight direction when they reach the platform.
以及是否會(huì)使用最短的路線。
