科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)羅斯貝波與世界性的熱浪有關(guān)

Scientists have discovered a new link between a pattern of fluctuations in jet stream air currents and crippling heatwaves that strike in multiple regions of the world at the same time.

科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)噴流的波動(dòng)模式和同時(shí)襲擊世界上多個(gè)地區(qū)的嚴(yán)重?zé)崂酥g的新聯(lián)系。

Rossby waves are an atmospheric and oceanic phenomenon where giant meanders warp the flow of currents in a wave-like pattern. They don't only occur on Earth, but when they do, they're known to influence our planet's weather.

羅斯貝波是一種大氣和海洋現(xiàn)象，巨大的蜿蜒曲折會(huì)使氣流呈波浪狀彎曲。它們不僅會(huì)發(fā)生在地球上，而且已知出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候會(huì)影響地球的天氣。

Now, the extent of that influence is becoming clearer. In a new study, researchers have found that when certain amplified wavelengths take shape in jet streams – fast-flowing air currents that course through the sky at high altitudes – the phenomenon is linked to the emergence of concurrent heatwaves that devastate food-producing regions.

現(xiàn)在，這種影響的程度越來(lái)越明顯。在一項(xiàng)新的研究中，研究員發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)特定的放大波長(zhǎng)在噴流--高海拔時(shí)經(jīng)過(guò)天空的快速流動(dòng)的氣流--中成形時(shí)，這種現(xiàn)象與同時(shí)出現(xiàn)的破壞食品生產(chǎn)地區(qū)的熱浪有關(guān)。

"We found a 20-fold increase in the risk of simultaneous heatwaves in major crop-producing regions when these global-scale wind patterns are in place," says Earth systems researcher Kai Kornhuber from Columbia University.

“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，這些全球規(guī)模的風(fēng)型出現(xiàn)時(shí)，主要糧食生產(chǎn)地同時(shí)出現(xiàn)熱浪的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加了20倍。”哥倫比亞大學(xué)的地球系統(tǒng)研究員凱·科恩哈伯(Kai Kornhuber)說(shuō)道。

Kornhuber and his team analysed climate data from 1979 to 2018 and found that when two particular wavelengths of circumglobal Rossby waves – called wave–5 and wave–7 – occurred in the Northern Hemisphere jet stream, they channel hot subtropical air into regions in North America, Europe, and Asia.

科恩哈伯和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)分析了1979年至2018年的氣候數(shù)據(jù)，發(fā)現(xiàn)當(dāng)環(huán)地羅斯貝波的兩股特定波長(zhǎng)波-5和波-7出現(xiàn)在北半球的噴流中時(shí)，會(huì)將亞熱帶熱空氣引入北美、歐洲和亞洲地區(qū)。

The hot air produces temperature spikes that can persist for weeks: extreme weather events that kill people, and threaten global food security through the widespread impact they have on crops.

熱空氣會(huì)產(chǎn)生持續(xù)數(shù)周的溫度峰值。極端天氣會(huì)致人死亡，并通過(guò)對(duì)莊稼造成影響而威脅全球食品安全。