基因研究顯示，患有嚴(yán)重抑郁癥可導(dǎo)致多達(dá)20種無關(guān)疾病

Having genes that put you at risk of depression could also make you susceptible to a variety of other health conditions, often seemingly unconnected. According to new research, this could include things like coronary heart disease and even bacterial infections.

根據(jù)最新研究，擁有讓你有抑郁風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的基因也會(huì)讓你容易受到其他各種健康狀況的影響，這些疾病往往看起來沒有任何關(guān)系，可能包括冠狀動(dòng)脈心臟病甚至細(xì)菌感染。

The new study assessed the genetic risk factors of major depressive disorder in relation with more than 900 other diseases; the research team found that having poor mental health isn't always a consequence of serious illness – it can be directly responsible for it.

這項(xiàng)新的研究評(píng)估了與900多種其他疾病相關(guān)的嚴(yán)重抑郁障礙的遺傳危險(xiǎn)因素;研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，精神健康狀況不佳并不一定是嚴(yán)重疾病的后果——而是直接原因。

"Data shows that people living with serious mental diseases, like depression, have much higher rates of physical illness than those in the general population," says genetic epidemiologist Anwar Mulugeta from the University of South Australia.

來自南澳大利亞大學(xué)的遺傳流行病學(xué)家安瓦爾·穆盧蓋塔說：“數(shù)據(jù)顯示，患有抑郁癥等嚴(yán)重精神疾病的人，其身體疾病的發(fā)病率遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)高于普通人群。”

Suffering from severe depression while dealing with another major illness is maybe not all that surprising, but researchers have long wondered whether the root causes of depression might be somehow more directly responsible.

在處理另一種重大疾病時(shí)患上嚴(yán)重的抑郁癥也許并不那么令人驚訝，但研究人員長期以來一直想知道抑郁癥的根源是否更直接。

Previous research has indicated that depression isn't just a disease of the mind, but can have a debilitating influence over the entire body.

此前的研究表明，抑郁癥不僅是一種精神疾病，還會(huì)對(duì)整個(gè)身體產(chǎn)生削弱作用。

So Mulugeta and his team used what's known as a Mendelian randomisationapproach to a pool of genomic data taken from UK Biobank records on nearly 340,000 individuals to work out which comes first.

因此，Mulugeta和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)使用孟德爾隨機(jī)法，從英國生物銀行近340000個(gè)個(gè)體的記錄中提取了一組基因組數(shù)據(jù)，以確定哪一個(gè)先出現(xiàn)。

While many similar studies have already established links between depression and individual diseases, this kind of approach applies various controls suited to establishing a more causal relationship.

雖然許多類似的研究已經(jīng)建立了抑郁癥與個(gè)別疾病之間的聯(lián)系，但這種方法應(yīng)用了各種適合建立更具因果關(guān)系的控制措施。

It turns out that having a high genetic risk score for major depressive disorder also makes it more likely a patient will have been admitted to hospital with – or even died from – at least one of 20 different diseases.

結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)，患有嚴(yán)重抑郁癥的高遺傳風(fēng)險(xiǎn)分?jǐn)?shù)也使患者更有可能因至少20種不同疾病中的一種而入院，甚至死亡。

In the context of the analysis, these genes predisposed the individuals to a serious illness affecting just about every system in the body. These include such diverse conditions as asthma, high cholesterol, gastroenteritis, oesophagitis, urinary system disorders, and even infections from E.coli.

在分析的背景下，這些基因使個(gè)體容易患上一種嚴(yán)重的疾病，幾乎影響到身體的每一個(gè)系統(tǒng)。這些疾病包括哮喘、高膽固醇、胃腸炎、食道炎、泌尿系統(tǒng)疾病，甚至大腸桿菌感染。

The study also highlighted potential sensitivities and adverse reactions to some drugs, suggesting a strong need to monitor prescriptions for individuals with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder.

這項(xiàng)研究還強(qiáng)調(diào)了對(duì)某些藥物的潛在敏感性和不良反應(yīng)，表明有必要對(duì)診斷為重度抑郁癥的患者的處方進(jìn)行監(jiān)控。

"This research puts the 'chicken and egg' conundrum to rest, showing that depression causes disease, rather than only the other way around," says Mulugeta.

穆魯蓋塔說：“這項(xiàng)研究讓‘雞和蛋’的難題得以解決，表明抑郁癥導(dǎo)致疾病，而不是反過來。”

"Importantly, this research signals that an individual diagnosed with depression should now also be screened for a defined set of possible comorbidities, enabling much better clinical management and significantly improved outcomes."

“重要的是，這項(xiàng)研究表明，現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該對(duì)被診斷為抑郁癥的個(gè)體進(jìn)行篩查，以確定可能的共病，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)更好的臨床管理和顯著改善的結(jié)果。”

Exactly how genes for depression might lay the groundwork for developing a range of other diseases isn't clear. Given the number of gastrointestinal illnesses on that list, the researchers speculate that medications used to treat mental illness could be having an adverse effect on our guts.

抑郁癥基因究竟如何為其他一系列疾病的發(fā)生奠定基礎(chǔ)尚不清楚。考慮到名單上胃腸道疾病的數(shù)量，研究人員推測(cè)用于治療精神疾病的藥物可能會(huì)對(duì)我們的腸胃產(chǎn)生不良影響。
This isn't out of line with previous studies pointing at similar conclusions, but further research should help nail down the mechanisms behind the relationship.

這與之前的研究結(jié)果并不矛盾，但進(jìn)一步的研究應(yīng)該有助于確定這種關(guān)系背后的機(jī)制。

"Understanding the connections between depression and other diseases is critical to ensure people with depression receive the support they require. The more we can look at the individual patient, the better their outcomes are likely to be," says genetic epidemiologist Elina Hypp?nen from the Australian Centre for Precision Health.

“了解抑郁癥與其他疾病之間的聯(lián)系，對(duì)于確保抑郁癥患者獲得所需的支持至關(guān)重要。澳大利亞精確健康中心的基因流行病學(xué)家埃莉娜·海普寧說：“我們?cè)侥苡^察到患者個(gè)體，他們的結(jié)果就可能越好。”

"Our results suggest that it is important to look beyond the obvious, and that we need to screen and effectively manage depression-related comorbidities if we want to minimise the longer-term negative implications on health."

“我們的研究結(jié)果表明，要想最大限度地減少對(duì)健康的長期負(fù)面影響，就必須超越顯而易見的范圍，對(duì)抑郁癥相關(guān)的合并癥進(jìn)行篩選和有效管理。”

With more than 300 million people all over the globe experiencing depression, it ranks among one of the most common illnesses of our time.

隨著全球3億多人經(jīng)歷抑郁癥，抑郁癥列為我們這個(gè)時(shí)代最常見的疾病之一。

It's clear that finding better ways to treat and prevent the effects of depression without putting us at risk of other conditions is becoming more important than ever.

很明顯，找到更好的方法來治療和預(yù)防抑郁癥的影響，而不是讓我們面臨感染其他疾病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，變得比以往任何時(shí)候都重要。

This research was published in Molecular Psychiatry.

這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)表在《分子精神病學(xué)》上。