即使是無糖汽水，也會增加死亡風險

一項新的研究表明，即使是無糖汽水，也會增加死亡風險

Here’s some less-than refreshing news about soda: even sugar-free versions were associated with a higher risk of death in a study of 452,000 people in 10 countries.

下面是一些關于碳酸飲料的不那么令人振奮的消息：在一項對10個國家、45.2萬人進行的研究中，即使是無糖飲料也與更高的死亡風險有關。

The study, published Tuesday by the Journal of the American Medical Association, found that people who drank two or more glasses of soft drinks per day were more likely to die from all types of ailments, compared with people who drank less than one glass per month.

這項于本周二在《美國醫(yī)學會雜志》上發(fā)表的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，每天喝兩杯或兩杯以上軟飲料的人，死于各種疾病的可能性，要高于每月喝不到一杯的人。

“Results of this study appear to support ongoing public-health measures to reduce the consumption of soft drinks,” the researchers concluded.

研究人員總結說：“這項研究的結果似乎支持正在進行的減少軟飲料消費的公共衛(wèi)生措施。”

The study found differences in the health effects of drinks that contain sugar versus those that are artificially sweetened. Sugar-sweetened soft drinks were associated with digestive-disease deaths (a broad category that includes diseases of the liver, appendix, pancreas, intestines and other illnesses), while higher consumption of sugar-free versions was associated with deaths from circulatory diseases, including ischemic heart disease, also known as coronary artery disease.

研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，含糖飲料與人工加糖飲料的健康效果不同。含糖軟飲料與消化系統(tǒng)疾病死亡有關(包括肝臟、闌尾、胰腺、腸道和其他疾病的一個廣泛的分類)，而無糖軟飲料的高消費量與循環(huán)系統(tǒng)疾病死亡有關，包括缺血性心臟病，也稱為冠心病。

Researchers found no association between soft-drink consumption and cancer deaths or deaths from Alzheimer’s disease. Consuming higher amounts of both sugary and sugar-free soft drinks was associated with the risk of death from Parkinson’s disease. Previous studies have linked the high level of consumption of sugar-sweetened and artificially sweetened soft drinks to elevated risks of obesity, Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, the authors noted.

研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，飲用軟飲料與癌癥死亡、或老年癡呆癥死亡之間沒有關聯(lián)。攝入更多含糖和無糖軟飲料與帕金森病死亡風險相關。作者指出，先前的研究表明，大量飲用加糖和人工加糖的軟飲料，會增加肥胖、2型糖尿病和心血管疾病的風險。

Some 50 researchers, lead by Neil Murphy, PhD, of the International Agency for Research on Cancer, co-authored the study. It used data collected on questionnaires and in interviews between 1992 and 2000. Study participants were in the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway, Spain and Sweden.

由國際癌癥研究機構的尼爾·墨菲博士領導的、大約50名研究人員共同撰寫了這項研究。它使用了1992年至2000年在問卷調查和訪談中收集的數(shù)據(jù)。研究參與者來自英國、德國、法國、意大利、荷蘭、丹麥、挪威、西班牙和瑞典。

Coca-Cola and PepsiCo did not respond to requests for comment. Soda sales have declined in recent years as health-conscious consumers have reached more frequently for bottled water and seltzers.

可口可樂和百事可樂對此沒有回應。近年來，隨著健康意識增強的消費者，越來越選擇購買瓶裝水和蘇打水，汽水的銷量有所下降。

The JAMA study builds on previous research about the links between consuming soft drinks and poor health outcomes. Drinking two or more sugary beverages a day was associated with a greater risk of death from cardiovascular disease, especially among women, a report published earlier this year in the American Heart Association’s journal, Circulation, found.

《美國醫(yī)學會雜志》的這項研究建立在此前有關飲用軟飲料與不良健康狀況之間關系的研究基礎上。美國心臟協(xié)會(American Heart Association)今年早些時候發(fā)表在《循環(huán)》(Circulation)雜志上的一份報告發(fā)現(xiàn)，每天喝兩杯或兩杯以上含糖飲料，會增加死于心血管疾病的風險，尤其是女性。

Drinking more caffeinated soda has also been linked to triggering migraine headachesand consuming 32 ounces of energy drinks in under an hour spiked the risk of electrical disturbances in the heart for as long as four hours after the drinks were consumed, according to a small study of 34 healthy volunteers between the ages of 18 and 40 published in the Journal of the American Heart Association.

喝更多含咖啡因的汽水也與引發(fā)偏頭痛有關，根據(jù)一項對34名、18到40歲的青少年的小型研究，在一小時內飲用32盎司的能量飲料，在飲用飲料后長達4小時的時間內，心臟出現(xiàn)電紊亂的風險會增加。研究成果發(fā)表在《美國心臟協(xié)會雜志》上。

Sweetened drinks are the biggest source of added sugar in the average American’s diet, according to the American Heart Association, with a typical 12-ounce can of soda containing 35 to 37.5 grams of sugar and between 140 and 150 calories on average. A standard-size Hershey milk chocolate bar has 24 grams of sugar and 220 calories.

根據(jù)美國心臟協(xié)會(American Heart Association)的數(shù)據(jù)，加糖飲料是美國人日常飲食中添加糖的最大來源，一罐12盎司的汽水含有35至37.5克糖，平均熱量在140至150卡路里之間。一塊標準尺寸的好時牛奶巧克力含有24克糖、220卡路里。