科學(xué)家研究了2500個(gè)珊瑚礁，以找出拯救它們的方法

科學(xué)家研究了2500個(gè)珊瑚礁，以找出拯救它們的方法

An international group of scientists has surveyed more than 2,500 coral reef systems across 44 countries to determine how to save them in the face of damage caused by climate change and humans, according to a new study.

一項(xiàng)最新研究顯示，一個(gè)國(guó)際科學(xué)家小組對(duì)44個(gè)國(guó)家的2500多個(gè)珊瑚礁系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了調(diào)查，以確定如何在氣候變化和人類活動(dòng)造成的破壞面前拯救它們。

A hundred scientists were involved in the survey that looked at coral abundance in the Indian and Pacific oceans. Many of the reef systems were found to be full of complex species that created distinctive structures and were functioning in spite of deadly marine heat waves in recent years.

100名科學(xué)家參與了這項(xiàng)調(diào)查，他們觀察了印度洋和太平洋的珊瑚數(shù)量。人們發(fā)現(xiàn)，許多珊瑚礁系統(tǒng)充滿了復(fù)雜的物種，它們創(chuàng)造了獨(dú)特的結(jié)構(gòu)，盡管近年來(lái)海洋出現(xiàn)了致命的熱浪，但它們?nèi)栽诎l(fā)揮作用。

"The good news is that functioning coral reefs still exist, and our study shows that it is not too late to save them," said Emily Darling, the lead author of the study and a Wildlife Conservation Society scientist leading the global coral reef monitoring program. "Safeguarding coral reefs into the future means protecting the world's last functioning reefs and recovering reefs impacted by climate change. But realistically -- on severely degraded reefs -- coastal societies will need to find new livelihoods for the future."

“好消息是，功能正常的珊瑚礁仍然存在，我們的研究表明，拯救它們還為時(shí)不晚，”該研究的主要作者、領(lǐng)導(dǎo)全球珊瑚礁監(jiān)測(cè)項(xiàng)目的野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)協(xié)會(huì)(Wildlife Conservation Society)科學(xué)家艾米麗·達(dá)林(Emily Darling)說(shuō)。“保護(hù)珊瑚礁走向未來(lái)意味著保護(hù)世界上最后的發(fā)揮作用的珊瑚礁和恢復(fù)受氣候變化影響的珊瑚礁。但實(shí)際上，在嚴(yán)重退化的珊瑚礁上，沿海社會(huì)需要為未來(lái)找到新的生計(jì)。”

Heat stress affected many coral reefs during the El Niño event between 2014 and 2017. But 450 reefs in 22 countries survived in protective cool spots. The scientists believe those areas should be the focus of urgent protection and management efforts.

在2014年至2017年的厄爾尼諾現(xiàn)象期間，熱應(yīng)力影響了許多珊瑚礁。但22個(gè)國(guó)家的450座珊瑚礁在涼爽的保護(hù)地存活了下來(lái)?？茖W(xué)家們認(rèn)為，這些領(lǐng)域應(yīng)該成為緊急保護(hù)和管理工作的重點(diǎn)。

Previously, the Indo-Pacific reefs were also hit by mass coral bleaching and heat stress in 1983, 1998, 2005 and 2010, before the world's most intense, longest and largest bleaching event between 2014 and 2017.

此前，印度-太平洋珊瑚礁也曾在1983年、1998年、2005年和2010年遭受大規(guī)模珊瑚白化和高溫脅迫，隨后在2014年至2017年期間發(fā)生了全球最嚴(yán)重、持續(xù)時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)、規(guī)模最大的珊瑚白化事件。

Coral bleaching occurs when ocean temperatures rise and corals release the algae that lives in their tissues, causing them to turn white, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

據(jù)美國(guó)國(guó)家海洋和大氣管理局(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration，簡(jiǎn)稱noaa)稱，當(dāng)海洋溫度上升，珊瑚釋放出生活在其組織中的藻類，導(dǎo)致它們變白時(shí)，珊瑚就會(huì)發(fā)生漂白現(xiàn)象。

Carbon emissions, pollution, development and overfishing have also impacted reefs.

碳排放、污染、發(fā)展和過(guò)度捕撈也影響了珊瑚礁。

"Saving reefs will require combining local and global efforts, such as reducing local dependence on reef fish to maintain a reef's important functions while also reducing carbon emissions to keep warming below 1.5 degrees Celsius," said Tim McClanahan, co-author of the study and Wildlife Conservation Society senior conservation zoologist.

“拯救珊瑚礁需要當(dāng)?shù)睾腿蚬餐?，比如減少當(dāng)?shù)貙?duì)珊瑚礁魚(yú)類的依賴，以維持珊瑚礁的重要功能，同時(shí)減少碳排放，使氣溫保持在1.5攝氏度以下，”該研究報(bào)告的合著者、野生動(dòng)物保護(hù)協(xié)會(huì)高級(jí)保護(hù)動(dòng)物學(xué)家蒂姆·麥克萊納漢說(shuō)。

In 2018, a study about how global warming is killing the Great Barrier Reef highlighted the importance of reef systems for people around the world.

2018年，一項(xiàng)關(guān)于全球變暖如何殺死大堡礁的研究強(qiáng)調(diào)了珊瑚礁系統(tǒng)對(duì)全世界人民的重要性。

"Almost a billion people around the world rely on coral reefs as their main source of food protein," said Mark Eakin, 2018 study author and coordinator for the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Coral Reef Watch. "Coral reefs provide tens of billions of dollars to economies and protect shorelines and infrastructures around the world."

美國(guó)國(guó)家海洋和大氣管理局(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)珊瑚礁觀察(coral Reef Watch) 2018年研究報(bào)告作者兼協(xié)調(diào)員馬克•埃金(Mark Eakin)表示:“全球近10億人依賴珊瑚礁作為主要的食物蛋白質(zhì)來(lái)源。”“珊瑚礁為經(jīng)濟(jì)提供了數(shù)百億美元，保護(hù)著世界各地的海岸線和基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。”