帕金森病患者指南

A Patient’s Guide to Parkinson’s Disease

帕金森病患者指南

What Is Parkinson’s Disease?

什么是帕金森病?

The National Institute on Aging reports that “Parkinson’s disease is a brain disorder that leads to shaking, stiffness and difficulty with walking, balance and coordination.” The Parkinson’s Foundation reports that these changes are associated with a reduction in the levels of dopamine in the brain, a neurotransmitter that helps pass chemical signals between neurons. “Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects predominately dopamine-producing (‘dopaminergic’) neurons in a specific area of the brain called substantia nigra” a structure in the middle of the brain that controls movement .

美國國家老化研究所報告說:“帕金森氏癥是一種腦部疾病，會導(dǎo)致顫抖、僵硬、行走困難、平衡和協(xié)調(diào)能力下降。帕金森基金會報告說，這些變化與大腦中多巴胺水平的降低有關(guān)。多巴胺是一種幫助神經(jīng)元傳遞化學(xué)信號的神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)。帕金森氏癥是一種神經(jīng)退行性疾病，主要影響大腦中黑質(zhì)中產(chǎn)生多巴胺(多巴胺能)的神經(jīng)元，這是位于大腦中部的一種結(jié)構(gòu)，它控制著運動。

A degenerative disease, Parkinson’s has no cure, and people with the disorder may spend many years progressively getting worse. Symptoms can vary widely from person to person, which is also part of why making a definitive diagnosis can be difficult. Symptoms of Parkinson’s disease may include:

帕金森氏癥是一種退行性疾病，無法治愈，患者可能需要多年時間才能逐漸惡化。癥狀因人而異，這也是為什么很難做出明確診斷的部分原因。帕金森病的癥狀可能包括:

· Tremor. Typically occurring in the hands or limbs, involuntary shaking is one of the hallmark symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.

震顫。通常發(fā)生在手或四肢，無意識的顫抖是帕金森病的標(biāo)志性癥狀之一。

· Slowed movement and rigid muscles. “Parkinson’s slows everything down,” Byers says, and this refers to both body movements and the functioning of internal organs. Slower-than-usual walking is a common sign.

運動減慢和肌肉僵硬。拜爾斯說：“帕金森氏癥會使一切減慢”，這指的是身體的運動和內(nèi)臟的功能。走得比平常慢是一種常見的征兆。

· Cognitive changes. Increased confusion and difficulty concentrating are also common signs of Parkinson’s disease, and often, these symptoms progress and get worse over time. Many people with Parkinson’s develop dementia.

認知變化?；靵y加劇和注意力難以集中也是帕金森氏癥的常見癥狀，而且這些癥狀往往會隨著時間的推移而惡化。許多患有帕金森氏癥的人患上了癡呆。

· Impaired balance. Walking and maintaining normal posture can become increasingly difficult.

平衡受損。行走和保持正常姿勢可能會變得越來越困難。

· Loss of automatic movements. Because everything slows down, automatic movements such as breathing can become more difficult over time.

不能自主運動。因為一切都會慢下來，呼吸等自主動作可能隨著時間的推移變得更加困難。

· Sensory changes. they may smell things that aren’t there or their sense of smell disappears all together.

感官變化。他們可能會聞到不存在的東西，或者他們的嗅覺全部消失。