一天一杯酒對(duì)你的身體有何影響

一天一杯酒對(duì)你的身體有何影響

We are a species that loves our fermented grapes. We’ve been making and drinking wine since 6000 B.C. Even as far back as 2,000 years ago there were wine bars on every street in Roman cities. In 2014, Americans consumed an estimated 893 million gallons of wine. That’s a lot of quaffing.

我們是一個(gè)喜歡發(fā)酵葡萄的物種。早在公元前6000年，我們就開(kāi)始釀酒和飲酒了。早在2000年前，羅馬城市的每條街道上都有酒吧。2014年，美國(guó)人估計(jì)消費(fèi)了8.93億加侖葡萄酒。那是大量的狂飲。

One glass of wine: Friend or foe? (Photo: Tinatin/Shutterstock)

But is the veneration of vino a good thing? We wine-sipping tipplers do a collective happy dance whenever a new study is published promoting the health benefits of wine in moderate consumption … as we plug our ears and hum loudly when other studies come out highlighting the health risks.

但對(duì)葡萄酒的崇敬是件好事嗎?每當(dāng)一項(xiàng)新研究發(fā)表時(shí)，我們這些愛(ài)喝葡萄酒的人就會(huì)集體跳起歡快的舞蹈，宣傳適量飲用葡萄酒對(duì)健康的益處……當(dāng)其他研究強(qiáng)調(diào)葡萄酒對(duì)健康的危害時(shí)，我們會(huì)豎起耳朵，大聲哼著歌。

So with that in mind, here’s a look at all the different things science says about what can happen at wine o’clock — the good, the bad and the ugly all in their fermented glory.

因此，帶著這種想法，讓我們來(lái)看看科學(xué)對(duì)葡萄酒時(shí)間的各種說(shuō)法——好的、壞的和丑陋的都在發(fā)酵的光輝中。

To start things off, just what is moderate consumption? A standard drink is equal to 14.0 grams (0.6 ounces) of pure alcohol, which generally equates to 5 ounces of wine (and is roughly equivalent to 1.5 ounces of liquor or 12 ounces of beer, though variations in strength will throw that off). According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, moderate alcohol consumption means having up to one drink per day for women and up to two drinks per day for men. Most studies quantify amounts used in research.

首先，什么是適度飲酒?一個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的飲料等于14.0克(0.6盎司)純酒精，一般相當(dāng)于5盎司的葡萄酒(大約相當(dāng)于1.5盎司的白酒或12盎司的啤酒，盡管強(qiáng)度的不同會(huì)影響這個(gè)數(shù)值)。根據(jù)美國(guó)人的飲食指南，適量飲酒意味著女性每天最多喝一杯，男性每天最多喝兩杯。大多數(shù)研究將研究中使用的數(shù)量量化。

Moderate wine consumption has its benefits. (Photo: Rawpixel.com/Shutterstock)

Boosts antioxidants

提高抗氧化劑

May limit atherosclerosis

可能會(huì)限制動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化

Increases 'good' cholesterol

增加“好”膽固醇

Decreases risk of heart disease

降低患心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

Lessens risk of heart attack

降低心臟病發(fā)作的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

May reduce risk of stroke

可以降低中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

Lowers stress and anxiety

減輕壓力和焦慮

Lessens likelihood of gallstones

減少膽結(jié)石的可能性

Decreases diabetes risk

降低糖尿病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

But

但是

Messes with your folate

紊亂你的葉酸

May boost breast cancer risk

會(huì)增加患乳腺癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

But may reduce the risk of other cancers

但可能會(huì)降低患其他癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

Moderation is key

適度是關(guān)鍵

Too much wine comes with health risks. (Photo: Foxy's Forest Manufacture/Shutterstock)

We all have unique personal and family histories, so the bottom line is that a glass of wine offers each of us a different array of benefits and risks. Whether or not to have a drink at the end of the day requires careful balancing of these benefits and risks, a job that may be best accomplished by knowing the science and having a chat with your health care provider.

我們都有獨(dú)特的個(gè)人和家庭歷史，所以最重要的是，一杯葡萄酒給我們每個(gè)人帶來(lái)了不同的好處和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。無(wú)論是否在一天結(jié)束時(shí)喝一杯都需要仔細(xì)權(quán)衡這些好處和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，了解科學(xué)知識(shí)并與你的醫(yī)療服務(wù)提供者交談可能是完成這項(xiàng)工作的最佳途徑。