研究：選擇性記憶代表智商更高 偶爾健忘有益健康

上周剛見過的人，這周又不記得叫什么名字了?？倫弁聝鹤屓藷?，然而最新研究表明，健忘可能是優(yōu)點(diǎn)。大腦選擇性的記憶能讓你做出更明智的決策，也體現(xiàn)出你的高智商。

You can relax if remembering everything is not your strong suit. Recent research makes the case that being forgetful can be a strength — in fact, selective memory can even be a sign of stronger intelligence.

如果事事牢記不是你的強(qiáng)項(xiàng)，你可以放心了。最新研究表明，健忘可能是個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)。事實(shí)上，選擇性記憶甚至可能表明智商更高。

Traditional research on memory has focused on the advantages of remembering everything. But looking through years of recent memory data, researchers Paul Frankland and Blake Richards of the University of Toronto found that the neurobiology of forgetting can be just as important to our decision-making as what our minds choose to remember.

傳統(tǒng)上有關(guān)記憶的研究一直專注于牢記不忘的優(yōu)勢。但是，通過最近幾年統(tǒng)計(jì)的記憶數(shù)據(jù)，加拿大多倫多大學(xué)的研究人員保羅•弗蘭克蘭和布萊克•理查茲發(fā)現(xiàn)，就決策而言，與遺忘有關(guān)的神經(jīng)生物學(xué)同大腦選擇牢記不忘同等重要。

“The goal of memory is not the transmission of information through time, per se. Rather, the goal of memory is to optimize decision-making. As such, transience is as important as persistence in mnemonic systems,” their study in Neuron states.

他們發(fā)表在《神經(jīng)元》期刊上的研究論文指出：“記憶的目的本質(zhì)上不是隨著時(shí)間流逝傳遞信息。相反，記憶的目的是優(yōu)化決策。因此，記憶系統(tǒng)的短暫性與持久性一樣重要。”

Making intelligent decisions does not mean you need to have all the information at hand, it just means you need to hold onto the most valuable information. And that means clearing up space in your memory palace for the most up-to-date information on clients and situations. Our brains do this by generating new neurons in our hippocampus, which have the power to overwrite existing memories that are influencing our decision-making.

理性決策并不意味著你需要隨時(shí)掌握所有信息，它僅僅意味著你需要緊緊抓住最有價(jià)值的信息。這意味著要在記憶宮殿中為最新的客戶和情景信息清理出空間。大腦通過產(chǎn)生新的海馬體神經(jīng)元完成清理，海馬體能夠改寫影響人們決策的現(xiàn)有記憶。

“If you’re trying to navigate the world and your brain is constantly bringing up multiple conflicting memories, that makes it harder for you to make an informed decision,” Richards told Science Daily.

理查茲告訴《每日科學(xué)》的記者：“如果你試圖應(yīng)對(duì)復(fù)雜情況，而你的大腦不停地記起多種互相矛盾的記憶，那會(huì)讓你難以做出明智的決策。”

If you want to increase the number of new neurons in our brain’s learning region, try exercising. Moderate aerobic exercise like jogging, power walking, and swimming have been found to increase the number of neurons making important connections in our brains.

如果你想增加大腦學(xué)習(xí)區(qū)域的新神經(jīng)元數(shù)量，可以嘗試鍛煉。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，諸如慢跑、健步行走和游泳這類適度的有氧鍛煉可以增加大腦內(nèi)部重要連接區(qū)域的神經(jīng)元數(shù)量。

When we forget the names of certain clients and details about old jobs, our brain is making a choice that these details do not matter. Although too much forgetfulness can be a cause for concern, the occasional lost detail can be a sign of a perfectly healthy memory system. The researchers found that our brains facilitate decision-making by stopping us from focusing too much on minor past details. Instead, the brain promotes generalization, helping us remember the most important gist of a conversation.

如果人們忘記了某些客戶的姓名和原先崗位的細(xì)節(jié)，那是大腦在進(jìn)行選擇，認(rèn)為這些細(xì)節(jié)無關(guān)緊要。雖然嚴(yán)重健忘可能令人擔(dān)憂，但是偶爾忘記枝節(jié)小事可能表明記憶系統(tǒng)非常健康。研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)人們的大腦通過阻止人過多關(guān)注以往的細(xì)枝末節(jié)來加強(qiáng)決策能力。大腦通過促進(jìn)歸納來幫助人們記住最重要的談話要點(diǎn)。

“One of the things that distinguishes an environment where you’re going to want to remember stuff versus an environment where you want to forget stuff is this question of how consistent the environment is and how likely things are to come back into your life,” Richards said.

理查茲說：“區(qū)分究竟該記住還是該遺忘的要素之一就是：相關(guān)情景的一致程度如何及其在生活中再現(xiàn)的可能性有多大。”

If you’re an analyst who meets with a client weekly, your brain will recognize that this is a client whose name and story you need to remember. If this is someone you may never meet again, your brain will weigh that information accordingly.

如果你是個(gè)分析師，與一名客戶每周見一次，你的大腦會(huì)判斷出這個(gè)客戶的姓名和經(jīng)歷必須記住。如果是一個(gè)你也許再也不會(huì)見到的人，你的大腦會(huì)相應(yīng)地權(quán)衡這個(gè)信息。

We can get critiqued for being absent-minded when we forget past events in perfect detail. These findings show us that total recall can be overrated. Our brains are working smarter when they aim to remember the right stories, not every story.

如果你忘記了老客戶的具體信息，可能會(huì)受到批評(píng)，說你心不在焉。這些研究結(jié)果表明完整記憶的重要性可能被過分夸大了。人類的大腦非常聰明，它們只記住該記住的內(nèi)容，而不是所有內(nèi)容。