2012年5月翻譯資格考試二級筆譯真題

第一部分 英譯漢 試題一

The runaway success of Stieg Larsson?s “Millennium” trilogy suggests that when it comes to contemporary literature in translation, Americans are at least willing to read Scandinavian detective fiction. But for work from other regions, in other genres, winning the interest of big publishing houses and readers in the United States remains a steep uphill struggle.

Among foreign cultural institutes and publishers, the traditional American aversion to literature in translation is known as “the 3 percent problem.” But now, hoping to increase their bminuscule share of the American book market — about 3 percent — foreign governments and foundations, especially those on the margins of Europe, are taking matters into their own hands and plunging into the publishing fray in the United States.

Increasingly, that campaign is no longer limited to widely spoken languages like French and German. From Romania to Catalonia to Iceland, cultural institutes and agencies are subsidizing publication of books in English, underwriting the training of translators, encouraging their writers to tour in the United States, submitting to American marketing and promotional techniques they may have previously shunned and exploiting existing niches in the publishing industry.

“We have established this as a strategic objective, a long-term commitment to break through the American market,” said Corina Suteu, who leads the New York branch of the European Union National Institutes for Culture and directs the Romanian Cultural Institute. “For nations in Europe, be they small or large, literature will always be one of the keys of their cultural existence, and we recognize that this is the only way we are going to be able to make that literature present in the United States.”

For instance, the Dalkey Archive Press, a small publishing house in Champaign, Ill., that for more than 25 years has specialized in translated works, this year began a Slovenian Literature Series, underwritten by official groups in Slovenia, once part of Yugoslavia.

The series?s first book, “Necropolis,” by Boris Pahor, is a powerful World War II concentration-camp memoir that has been compared to the best of Elie Wiesel and Primo Levi, and has been followed by Andrej Blatnik?s “You Do Understand,” a rather absurdist but still touching collection of sketches and parables about love and intimacy.

Dalkey has also begun or is about to begin similar series in Hebrew and Catalan, and with Switzerland and Mexico, the last of which will consist of four books yearly for six years. In each case a financing agency in the host country is subsidizing publication and participating in promotion and marketing in the United States, an effort that can easily require $10,000 or more a book.

參考譯文：

斯蒂格·拉森(Stieg Larsson)的《千禧年》三部曲大獲成功，至少表明在現(xiàn)代文學翻 譯作品中美國讀者比較偏愛北歐的偵探小說，但是，其他地區(qū)、其他類別的小說要想贏 得美國出版社和讀者的青睞難度仍然不小。

外國文化研究所和出版社都知道美國人向來對文學翻譯作品不感興趣，這就是人們 常說的“3%難題”。外國文學翻譯作品在美國書市所占份額微不足道，僅為約 3%，為了增 加份額，外國政府和基金會，特別是歐洲處于邊緣化的國家現(xiàn)在開始主動出擊，加入到 美國出版市場的爭奪大戰(zhàn)當中。

外國文學翻譯作品市場已經不再局限于法語和德語等較大語種，從羅馬尼亞到加泰 羅尼亞再到冰島，各個文化研究機構對本國、本地區(qū)文學作品的英譯工作給予補貼，對 翻譯培訓提供支持，鼓勵本國、本地區(qū)作家游歷美國，開始學習曾經不以為然的美國營 銷技巧，努力搶占美國出版業(yè)中現(xiàn)存的翻譯作品市場。

科瑞娜·蘇圖(Corina Suteu)是歐盟國家文化研究所紐約分部負責人，也是羅馬尼亞 文化研究所所長。她說，“我們將征服美國市場作為一個長期戰(zhàn)略目標。對于歐洲各國而言，無論國家大小，文學將一直是各國文化的核心要素，我們也認識到，上述舉措是讓歐洲文學立足美國的必由之路。”

多基出版社(Dalkey Archive Press)是位于伊利諾伊州尚佩恩(Champaign)的一個 出版社,該社規(guī)模不大，過去 25 年以來一直專注于外國文學作品的翻譯出版工作，今年 在斯洛文尼亞(前南斯拉夫的一個共和國)官方機構的支持之下啟動了斯洛文尼亞文學 系列的翻譯出版項目。該文學系列的第一部翻譯作品是由波利斯·帕赫(Boris Pahor)所 著的《墓葬地》(Necropolis)。這是一部有關二戰(zhàn)期間集中營生活的回憶錄，讀來令人震 撼，有人將該作品與埃利·維瑟爾(Elie Wiesel)和普里莫·萊維(Primo Levi)的有關名 著相提并論。該系列的第二部翻譯作品是安德烈·巴拉特尼克(Andrej Blatnik)的《別裝 糊涂》 You Do Understand)。這本書主要是講述愛與親密關系的隨筆和寓言合集，讀來雖 荒誕不經，但卻感人至深。

多基出版社的希伯來語和加泰羅尼亞語文學作品翻譯出版項目以及與瑞士和墨西哥 等國合作的文學作品翻譯出版項目有的已經開始實施，有的即將啟動。其中，墨西哥的 文學作品翻譯出版項目為期 6 年，每年將翻譯 4 部作品。上述各翻譯出版項目發(fā)起國都 有專門的融資機構對翻譯出版工作提供補貼支持，并參與在美國的營銷宣傳活動。每本 書的營銷宣傳費用至少為 1 萬美元。

英譯漢試題二

Just east of Argentina?s Andean foothills, an oil field called the Vaca Muerta — “deadcow” in English — has finally come to life.

In May, the Argentine oil company YPF announced that it had found 150 million barrels of oil in the Patagonian field, and President Cristina Fernández de Kirchner rushed onto national television to praise the discovery as something that could give new impetus to the country?s long-stagnant economy.

“The importance of this discovery goes well beyond the volume,” said Sebastián Eskenazi, YPF?s chief executive, as he announced the find. “The important thing is it is something new: new energy, a new future, new expectations.”

Although there are significant hurdles, geologists say that the Vaca Muerta is a harbinger of a possible major expansion of global petroleum supplies over the next two decades as the industry uses advanced techniques to extract oil from shale and other tightly packed rocks.

Oil experts caution that geologists have only just begun to study shale fields in much of the world, and thus can only guess at their potential. Little seismic work has been completed, and core samples need to be retrieved from thousands of feet below the surface to judge how much oil or gas can be retrieved.

Argentina certainly has high hopes for shale oil from the southern Patagonian province of Neuquén. The 150 million barrels of recoverable shale oil found in the Vaca Muerta represents an increase of 8 percent in Argentina?s reserves, and the find was the biggest discovery of oil in the country since the late 1980s.

Oil experts say the Vaca Muerta is probably just a start for Argentina, long a middle-ranked oil producer. Mr. Lynch noted that YPF had explored only 100 square miles out of 5,000 square miles in the whole shale deposit, and other oil companies working in the area had not announced any discoveries yet.

So far, nearly all of the oil exploration in the shale fields in Argentina and elsewhere has been pursued with traditional vertical wells. Plans are just beginning for horizontal drilling.

Some experts caution that the fast advance of oil production from shale in the United States is no guarantee of similar successes abroad, at least not in the near future.

參考譯文：

就在阿根廷安第斯山麓東側，一個名為瓦卡穆埃爾塔(Vaca Muerta)—英文意為“死 牛”—的油田終于得見天日。

在五月份，阿根廷石油公司 YPF 宣布在巴塔哥尼亞地區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)了儲量為 1.5 億桶的油田，阿根廷總統(tǒng)克里斯蒂娜·費爾南德斯·德基什內爾迅即在國家電視臺上進行宣傳，稱這一發(fā)現(xiàn)將會為阿長期陷入停滯的經濟注入新的活力。

YPF 公司首席執(zhí)行官塞巴斯蒂安·埃斯肯納齊在宣布這一重大發(fā)現(xiàn)時說，“這一發(fā)現(xiàn)的 重大意義不僅僅在于油田儲量巨大，還在于其全“新”性：新能源、新未來、新期待。”

雖然油田開發(fā)困難重重，但是地質學家們說，現(xiàn)在石油產業(yè)已開始利用先進技術從 油頁巖等巖石中提取石油，瓦卡穆埃爾塔油田的發(fā)現(xiàn)預示著，在今后二十年全球石油供 應量將有較大增加。

石油專家警告稱，地質學家才剛剛開始在全球部分地區(qū)開展頁巖油田研究工作，所 以目前只能推測頁巖油田的儲量?，F(xiàn)在有關石油地震勘探工作還遠未完成，同時，還必 須從地表下數(shù)千英尺處提取核心樣本進行分析，推斷出油氣的大致儲量。

當然，阿根廷對于巴塔哥尼亞地區(qū)南部內烏肯省(Neuquén)的頁巖油儲量寄予厚望。 瓦卡穆埃爾塔地區(qū) 1.5 億桶的頁巖油探明儲量將使阿根廷的石油總儲量增加 8%，同時該 油田也是阿根廷自 20 世紀 80 年代末以來發(fā)現(xiàn)的最大油田。

石油專家們稱，瓦卡穆埃爾塔很可能為阿根廷拉開新的序幕。長期以來，阿根廷一 直都是一個中等規(guī)模的產油國。林奇(Lynch)先生說，整個頁巖油田面積達 5,000 平方 英里，YPF 只是對其中的 100 平方英里進行了勘探，在此油田進行勘探的其他石油公司尚未公布勘探結果。

到目前為止，在阿根廷以及其他國家的頁巖油田進行的幾乎所有勘探工作使用的都 是傳統(tǒng)豎井，有關水平鉆井的方案才剛剛開始制定。

有些專家警告稱，美國頁巖油田生產取得了快速發(fā)展，但這并不意味著其他國家也 能同樣獲得成功，至少在近期內不太可能。

第二部分 漢譯英 試題一

和平穩(wěn)定是發(fā)展的前提和基礎。上個世紀，人類經歷了兩次世界大戰(zhàn)，生靈涂炭， 經濟社會發(fā)展遭受嚴重挫折。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結束以來，世界經濟能夠快速增長，主要 得益于相對和平穩(wěn)定的國際環(huán)境。

我們應該恪守聯(lián)合國憲章宗旨和原則，充分發(fā)揮聯(lián)合國及其安理會在維護和平、締 造和平、建設和平方面的核心作用。堅持通過對話和協(xié)商，以和平方式解決國際爭端。

我們應該堅持國家不論大小、強弱、貧富都是國際社會平等一員，以民主、包容、 合作、共贏的精神實現(xiàn)共同安全，做到一國內部的事情一國自主辦、大家共同的事情大 家商量辦，堅定不移奉行多邊主義和國際合作，推進國際關系民主化。

我們應該營造支持各國根據本國國情實現(xiàn)和平、穩(wěn)定、繁榮的國際環(huán)境。應該本著求同存異的原則，尊重各國主權和選擇發(fā)展道路和發(fā)展模式的權利，尊重文明多樣性， 在交流互鑒、取長補短中相得益彰、共同進步。

官方參考譯文：

Peace and stability form the prerequisite and foundation for development. The two world wars in the last century caused mankind untold sufferings and world economic and social development severe setbacks. It is mainly due to the relatively peaceful and stable international environment that the world economy has been able to grow at a fast pace in the post-war era. We should abide by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and bring into full play the central role of the United Nations and its Security Council in peace keeping,peace making and peace building. We should seek peaceful settlement of international disputes through dialogue and consultation.

All countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are equal members of the international community. We should work for common security in a spirit of democracy, inclusiveness, cooperation and win-win progress. Internal affairs of a country should be handled independently by the country itself and international affairs should be managed collectively through consultation by all. We should be committed to multilateralism and international cooperation, and promote democracy in international relations.

We should foster an international environment that supports efforts of countries to achieve peace, stability and prosperity in the light of their national circumstances. We should respect the sovereignty of all countries and their right to choose their development paths and models in keeping with the principle of seeking common ground while shelving differences. And we should respect the diversity of civilizations and pursue common progress through mutual learning and drawing on each other's strength.

其他參考譯文：

Peace and stability are what underlies development. Humankind lived through two world wars last century, which inflicted untold human miseries and took a devastating toll on socio-economic development/Last century saw two world wars cause immense human suffering and severe socio-economic setbacks. The fast world economic growth since the end of the Second World War has been driven largely by a relatively peaceful and stable international environment.

We must abide by the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and give full play to the central role of the UN and its Security Council in peacekeeping, peacemaking and peace-building endeavors. We must stand for peaceful settlement of international disputes through dialogue and consultation.

We must recognize that all countries, big or small, strong or weak, rich or poor, are equal members of the international community and work to achieve common security in a democratic, inclusive and cooperative spirit. We must ensure that internal affairs of an individual country are handled independently while global affairs are dealt with collectively through consultation. We must steadfastly follow multilateralism and advance international cooperation in ways that make international relations more democratic.

We must work to build an enabling international environment where all countries are well-placed to achieve peace, stability and prosperity in line with their national realities.

We must act in line with the principle of seeking common ground while reserving differences, and respect sovereignty and rights of all individual countries to choose their own development paths and modes. We must embrace diversity of civilizations so that all civilizations can progress together through mutual learning and emulation.

漢譯英試題二

1882 年中國第一盞電燈在上海點亮，這使得中國逐漸告別了油燈和蠟燭照明的歷史， 當時使用的電燈就是白熾燈，這一用就是 130 年，中國也成為白熾燈的生產和消費大國。

早在 1996 年，中國就啟動實施了“綠色照明工程”，中國綠色照明工程的實施，推動 了照明電器行業(yè)結構的優(yōu)化升級和產品質量的整體提升，經過多年努力，中國節(jié)能燈產品質量水平日益提高，一些企業(yè)產品質量和工藝水平已達到世界領先水平。高效照明產品及技術的日益成熟為逐步淘汰白熾燈提供了重要保障。

中國節(jié)能燈的全球市場占有率由 1996 年的 20%提高到 2010 年的 85%。

即使遇到豐收年景，對中國來說，要用世界百分之七的耕地養(yǎng)活全球五分之一的人 口仍是一項艱巨的任務。

官方參考譯文：(缺)

其他參考譯文：

In 1882, China?s first-ever electric light made its debut in Shanghai, heralding/ushering in a new era when kerosene lamps and illuminating candles as light sources were phased out/were made a thing of the past/were consigned to history. Back then, the one and only electric light source available in China was the incandescent lamp, a device that has been prevalent/dominant in China?s illumination space/scene/field for 130 years. As such, China has emerged as a leading producer and consumer of incandescents in the world.

China kick-started/initiated/launched the program of “green lighting” /embarked on a campaign encouraging people to go green in lighting as back as (in) 1996. The environment-friendly/eco-sensitive/responsible move/endeavor has served to upgrade the mix of China?s lighting industry and elevate the overall quality of lighting products. Thanks to years of strong commitments, energy-saving/energy-efficient lamps made in China have moved up the value chain in both quality and workmanship, with some ranking among the best in the world. The ever-improving products and technologies for energy-efficient lighting have made it possible to phase out energy-intensive incandescents in the country./put an end to …

In 2010, 85% of energy-saving lamps available on the global market were made in China, as against merely 20% back in 1996.

China?s global market share in the energy-saving light space surged from a to b between 1996 and 2010.

In 2010, China accounted for 85% of global supply of energy-saving lamps, a surge from 20% in 1996.