2006年5月三級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)真題

Freed by warming, waters once locked beneath ice are gnawing at coastal settlements around the Arctic Circle.

In Bykovsky, a village of 457 residents at the tip of a fin-shaped peninsula on Russia's northeast coast, the shoreline is collapsing, creeping closer and closer to houses and tanks of heating oil，at a rate of 15 to 18 feet, or 5 to 6 meters, a year. Eventually, homes will be lost as more ice melts each summer, and maybe all of Bykovsky, too.

“It is practically all ice — permafrost — and it is thawing. ” The 4 million Russian people who live north of the Arctic Circle are feeling the effects of warming in many ways. A changing climate presents new opportunities, but it also threatens their environment, the stability of their homes, and，for those whose traditions rely on the ice-bound wilderness, the preservation of their culture.

A push to develop the North, quickened by the melting of the Arctic seas, carries its own rewards and dangers for people in the region. Discovery of vast petroleum fields in the Barents and Kara Seas has raised fears of catastrophic accidents as ships loaded with oil or liquefied gas churn through the fisheries off Scandinavia, headed for the eager markets of Europe and North America. Land that was untouched could be tainted by air and water pollution as generators, smokestacks and large vehicles sprout to support the growing energy industry.

Coastal erosion is a problem in Alaska as well, forcing the United States to prepare to relocate several Inuit coastal villages at a projected cost of US $ 100 million or more for each one.

Across the Arctic, indigenous tribes with cultural traditions shaped by centuries of living in extremes of cold and ice are noticing changes in weather and wildlife. They are trying to adapt, but it can be confounding.

In Finnmark, the northernmost province of Norway, the Arctic landscape unfolds in late winter as an endless snowy plateau, silent but for the cries of the reindeer and the occasional whine of a snowmobile herding them.

A changing Arctic is felt there, too, though in another way. "The reindeer are becoming unhappy," said Issat Eira, a 31-year-old reindeer herder.

Few countries rival Norway when it comes to protecting the environment and preserving indigenous customs. The state has lavished its oil wealth on the region, and as a result Sami culture has enjoyed something of a renaissance.

And yet no amount of government support can convince Eira that his livelihood, intractably entwined with the reindeer, is not about to change. Like a Texas cattleman he keeps the size of his herd secret. But he said warmer temperatures in fall and spring are melting the top layers of snow， which then refreeze as ice, making it harder for his reindeer to dig through to the lichen they eat.

"The people who are making the decisions, they are living in the south and they are living in towns，” said Eira, sitting beside a birch fire inside his lavvu, a home made of reindeer hides. "They don't mark the change of weather. It is only people who live in nature and get resources from nature who mark it. ”

Section 2： Chinese-English Translation (50 points)

中國(guó)為種類繁多的菜肴感到十分自豪。飲食是中國(guó)文化的一大要素。中國(guó)共有8大菜系，包括辛辣的川菜和清淡的粵菜。中國(guó)餐館在 世界各地很受歡迎。

然而，中國(guó)人的生活方式日益變化，無(wú)論是自己下廚還是上餐 館，都出現(xiàn)了全新的飲食習(xí)慣。在一些傳統(tǒng)的中國(guó)菜中，添加了奶酪 和番茄醬。城市消費(fèi)者頻繁地光顧一些快餐連鎖店，包括麥當(dāng)勞、肯 德基和必勝客。市場(chǎng)調(diào)查顯示，在未來(lái)幾年里，西式快餐的消費(fèi)在中 國(guó)將以每年超過(guò)45%的速度持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)，而中式快餐店有望增加15%。 收入的不斷增長(zhǎng)，對(duì)國(guó)際食品更多的了解，加上超市購(gòu)物的便 捷，使中國(guó)出現(xiàn)了更樂(lè)于嘗試包裝及罐裝食品的新一代消費(fèi)者。隨著 越來(lái)越多的家庭擁有冰箱，超市的冷凍食品不斷增加，從速凍餃子到 炸薯?xiàng)l應(yīng)有盡有。綠色有機(jī)食品也出現(xiàn)在大城市的商店里，但價(jià)格可 能比傳統(tǒng)產(chǎn)品貴很多。

由于生活方式的變化，越來(lái)越多的中國(guó)人不愿每天都采購(gòu)食品。 這使包裝食品更容易為大眾所接受。隨著有車族的增加和新城區(qū)的涌 現(xiàn)，超市更是日益流行。