指人:who,whom,whose,whoever,whomever
指物:what,whatever
既指人又可指物:which,whichever
小伙伴們,when, where, how, why等引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句的詞語,我們稱之為“疑問副詞”,所以別搞糊涂了!
一般而言,疑問代詞在句中位于謂語動(dòng)詞之前,沒有性和數(shù)的變化,除who之外也沒有賓格的變化(whom)。除此以外,我們還需要注意以下幾點(diǎn):
1. who通常作主語和表語,whom作賓語:
主語:Who is speaking? 是哪一位(打電話)?
表語:Who is she? 她是誰?
賓語:Who(m) are you looking for? 你在找誰?
2. what,whose,which可以用作主語、表語、賓語和定語。(此處還可以理解為,它們對(duì)句子中所提問的成分,就是它們所擔(dān)當(dāng)?shù)某煞?。當(dāng)然,它們還可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句:
主語:What happened later? 后來發(fā)生什么事情了?
Whose is broken? 誰的壞了?
Which is yours? 哪個(gè)是你的?
表語:What’s you mother? 你媽媽是做什么工作的?
Whose is this book? 這本書是誰的?
賓語:What do you mean? 你是什么意思?
Which do you want? 你想要哪一個(gè)?
Whose do you prefer? 你更喜歡誰的?
定語:What time is it now? 現(xiàn)在幾點(diǎn)了?
Which book do you want? 你想要哪一本書?
Whose dress is this? 這是誰的連衣裙?
從句:They have done what they can do. 他們已經(jīng)盡其所能。
Do you know whose is the book on the table? 你知道桌上的書是誰的嗎?
Can you tell me which he will choose? 你能告訴我他會(huì)選擇哪一個(gè)嗎?
3. whatever,whoever,whichever,whomever用法如下:
(1)引導(dǎo)狀語從句:意為“無論什么(是誰、哪一個(gè))”等,此時(shí)相當(dāng)于 no matter what (who, which, whom)。(其中whomever在現(xiàn)代英語已基本不用)。
Whatever [No matter what] happens, keep calm. 無論發(fā)生什么,都要保持鎮(zhèn)定。
Whoever [No matter who] you are, I will help you. 不管你是誰,我都會(huì)幫你的。
Whichever [No matter which] you choose, I’ll agree with you. 無論你選擇哪一個(gè),我都沒意見。
(2)引導(dǎo)名詞性從句:主語從句或賓語從句。
He does whatever his mother asks him to do. 媽媽要他做什么,他就做什么。
Whoever comes here will be welcome. 到這兒的人都受歡迎。
Whichever gains the most points wins. 得分高者勝。