高考英語對指示代詞的五個考點
一、注意區(qū)分指示代詞與形式主語(賓語)
對于選項中既有指示代詞也有形式主語或形式賓語的考題，同學(xué)們可以這樣考慮：若要選形式主語或形式賓語，那么一定能從句中找到真正的主語(如動名詞、不定式、從句等)，否則就考慮選用指示代詞。請看下面兩道高考題：
1. _________ felt funny watching myself on TV. (全國II)
A. One B. This C. It D. That
此題答案選C。it為形式主語，句子真正的主語是watching myself on TV。
2. He didn’t make _________ clear when and where the meeting would be held. (天津卷)
A. this B. that C. it D. these
此題答案選C。it為形式賓語，句子真正的賓語是when and where the meeting would be held。
二、注意區(qū)分指示代詞與關(guān)系代詞
對于選項中既有指示代詞又有關(guān)系代詞的考題，同學(xué)們可以這樣考慮：若兩個句子間有連詞(尤其是并列連詞and或but)連接，則應(yīng)考試用指示代詞，否則就應(yīng)考慮使用關(guān)系代詞。請看以下高考題：
1. He is always really rude, _________ is why people tend to avoid him.
A. that B. it C. this D. which
此題容易誤選 A，因為 that’s why…是一個常用結(jié)構(gòu)，同學(xué)們極易受此影響而選錯，當(dāng)然若此句的空格前有連詞 and 或其前的逗號改為分號，則完全可選that(分別構(gòu)成并列句或兩個獨立的簡單句)。此題的最佳答案是 D，句子后半部為一個非限制性定語從句，which 指 He is always really rude. 另外請比較以下兩題(注意連詞的有無)：
2. Tom’s mother always told him not to smoke again, but _________ didn’t help.
A. he B. it C. which D. as
此題答案要選B，it指前面提到的情況。由于句中用了并列連詞 but，所以不能選C。
三、注意those who的用法
those who中的who為關(guān)系代詞，用以引導(dǎo)定語從句，其意為“……的那些人”。如：
Those who do not wish to go need not go. 不愿去的人不需要去(www.yygrammar.com)。
We kept seats for those who might arrive late. 我們給可能來晚的人留了座位。
Let us spend a few moments in silence so that we remember those who died to preserve our freedom. 讓我們默哀片刻，以緬懷那些為維護(hù)我們的自由而犧牲了的人們。
At the beginning the whole party kept together but by the end of the day those who were less fit had fallen behind. 起初全體人員都在一起，但到了晚間身體不夠強(qiáng)壯的人就落后了。
四、注意that which的用法
that which中的which為關(guān)系代詞，用以引導(dǎo)定語從句，其意為“……的事或物”，這是一種比較正式的用法，它通?？梢杂脀hat代之。如：
That which (=What) many people say is not always true. 很多人說的話并不表示一定是真的。
That which (=What) I say and do is my own affair. 我說什么做什么是我自己的事。
They say the only real knowledge is that which can be measured. 據(jù)說唯一真實的知識是可以檢驗的知識。
五、注意that的替代詞用法
指示代詞that有時可用作替代詞，用來代表前已提過的事物，以避免重復(fù)，如：
A grandparent’s job is easier than that of a parent. 祖父母的任務(wù)比父母的任務(wù)要輕松一些。
A dog’s intelligence is much greater than that of a cat. 狗的智慧比貓的高得多。
The dialect in one town may he quite different from that of the next town. 一個城鎮(zhèn)的方言可能與另一個城鎮(zhèn)很不相同。
The weather of Beijing is just as cold as that of Lanzhou, but colder than that of Shanghai. 北京的氣候和蘭州一樣冷，但比上海冷。
六、注意that, this用作副詞
指示代詞有時可用作副詞，其用法與so相似。如：
It isn’t all that cold. 還沒冷到那種程度。
It’s about this high. 約摸這樣高。
Is it this hot every day? 每天都這樣熱嗎?
I didn’t think it would be this easy. 我沒想到會這樣容易。
I didn’t realize she was that ill. 我沒想到她病得那么重。
The book is about this thick. 那本書大約有這么厚。
When you pay that much for a meal you expect the best. 一頓飯花那么多錢是想吃到最好的東西。
