連接代詞主要包括who, whom, what, which, whose, whoever, whatever, whichever, whosever 等,它們?cè)诰渲锌捎米髦髡Z(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等,可以引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句:
I don’t know who he is. 我不知道他是誰(shuí)。
What he says sounds reasonable. 他說(shuō)的話聽起來(lái)很有道理。
The question is who(m) we should trust. 問(wèn)題是我們?cè)撔湃握l(shuí)。
I’ll take whoever wants to go. 誰(shuí)想去我就帶誰(shuí)去。
Take whichever seat you like? 你喜歡坐哪個(gè)座位就坐哪個(gè)?
I will just say whatever comes into my mind. 我想到什么就說(shuō)什么。
【說(shuō)明】who, whom, whoever 等不用于名詞前作定語(yǔ)。
二、what 的兩種用法
請(qǐng)看以下兩個(gè)句子:
I didn’t know what he wanted. 我不知道他想要什么。
I gave her what she wanted. 我給了她想要的一切。
上面第一句中的 what 表示“什么”,帶有疑問(wèn)的意味;第二句中的 what 表示“所…的一切事或東西”,其意義上大致相當(dāng)于 that (those) which, the thing (things) that, anything that, all that, as much as等,又如:
What [=That which] you say is quite true. 你說(shuō)的完全是事實(shí)。
He saves what [= all that] he earns. 他賺多少,積蓄多少。
Call it what [= anything that]you please. 你喜歡叫它什么就叫它什么。
這樣用的 what 有時(shí)還可后接一個(gè)名詞:
He gave me what money [= all the money that] he had about him. 他把身邊帶有的錢全給了我。
What friends [=All the friends that] he has are out of the country. 他所有的朋友都在國(guó)外。
三、whatever, whoever, whichever用法說(shuō)明
主要用于引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句:
He does whatever she asks him to do. 她要他做什么,他就做什么。
Whoever breaks the rules will be punished. 誰(shuí)違反這些規(guī)則都將受到處罰。
I’ll give the ticket to whoever wants it. 請(qǐng)想要這票,我就把它給誰(shuí)。
Whichever team gains the most points wins. 哪個(gè)隊(duì)得分最多,哪個(gè)隊(duì)就贏。
【說(shuō)明】其中的 ever 主要用于加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣,含有“一切”、“任何”、“無(wú)論”之義。使用這類詞時(shí),注意不要按漢語(yǔ)習(xí)慣用錯(cuò)句子結(jié)構(gòu):
任何人(誰(shuí))先來(lái)都可以得到一張票。
誤:Anyone comes first can get a ticket. / Who comes first can get a ticket.
正:Anyone who comes first can get a ticket./ Whoever comes first can get a ticket.