高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解拓展：God is Dead 上帝死了

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朋友們，今天開(kāi)始一系列新的談話："上帝死了，現(xiàn)在禪是唯一的生活真理。"這是專門(mén)給尼采的，他是人類歷史上第一個(gè)宣布："上帝死了，人類自由了。"

Friends, today we start a series of new talk: "God is dead, Now Zen is the Only Living Truth." which is especially for Nietzsche. He is the first one who declares: "God is dead, human is free."

這是一句可怕的話，它有很多含義。首先我想討論尼采的話。

It's a terrible word, which has many meanings. First of all I want to discuss Nietzsche's word.

所有的宗教相信神創(chuàng)造了世界，包括人類。但如果你是別的什么創(chuàng)造的，那你只是一個(gè)木偶，沒(méi)有靈魂。而如果你是其他的什么創(chuàng)造的，他可以在任何時(shí)候滅掉你。他既不會(huì)問(wèn)你是否想被創(chuàng)造，也將不會(huì)問(wèn)你："你想被毀滅嗎?"

All religions believe that God made the world and humankind. But if other thing creates you, then you are merely a puppet without any soul. If other thing creates you, then he can destroy you anytime. He won't ask you whether you want to be created, nor will he ask you whether you want to be destroyed.

上帝將是最大的獨(dú)裁者，如果你接受他創(chuàng)造世界和人類的虛構(gòu)的話。如果上帝是事實(shí)，人類就是奴隸，木偶(puppet)。繩子在他手上，甚至你的生命。那么沒(méi)有成道(enlightment)的問(wèn)題，那么毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，沒(méi)有什么佛存在，因?yàn)楦緵](méi)有自由。他拉著繩子，你跳舞。他拉拉繩子，你就哭;他拉拉繩子，你開(kāi)始謀殺，自殺，戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。你只是個(gè)木偶，而他是操縱木偶的人。

God is the biggest dictator, if you accept the fiction that God created the world and human. If God is a fact, then humans are slaves or puppets. The rope is in his hand, even your life. Then there is no problem of enlightenment, undoubtedly there is no Buddha, because there is no freedom at all. He pulls the rope, and you dance. He pulls the rope, then you cry. He pulls the rope, and you begin to murder, suicide and battle. You are merely a puppet, while he is the person who manipulates the puppet.

那么就沒(méi)有罪惡和美德，沒(méi)有罪人和圣人。沒(méi)有好和壞，因?yàn)槟阒皇莻€(gè)木偶。木偶不可能對(duì)他的行為負(fù)責(zé)。責(zé)任屬于有行動(dòng)自由的人。

Then there is neither crime nor virtue, neither sinner nor sage, neither good nor bad, because you are just a puppet. A puppet can't be responsible for his behavior. Responsibility only belongs to the person who has behavioral freedom.

或者上帝存在，或者自由存在，不可能兩者都存在。

Either God exists, or freedom exists, it's impossible for both to exist.

那是尼采的話的基本含義：上帝死了，所以人類是自由的。

That's the basic meaning of Nietzsche's words: God is dead, so human is free.

沒(méi)有神學(xué)家，沒(méi)有宗教的創(chuàng)立者思考過(guò)，如果你接受上帝是創(chuàng)造者，你正在毀掉意識(shí)的尊嚴(yán)，自由的尊嚴(yán)，愛(ài)的尊嚴(yán)。你帶走了所有責(zé)任，你也帶走了所有自由。你把整個(gè)存在減為一個(gè)對(duì)奇怪的家伙的幻想，他稱為上帝。

Neither theologists nor organigers of religion have thought this: if you accept that God is creator then you are destroying the dignity of consciousness, freedom and love, you take away all responsibilities, and all freedom as well. You have reduced the whole existence into the illusion of a strange fellow, who is called God.

但尼采的話只是硬幣的一半。他完全是正確的，但只是硬幣的一半。他講了重要而意味深長(zhǎng)的一句話，但他忘了一件事，因?yàn)樗脑捠腔诶硇?，邏輯和理解力。而不是基于靜心。

But Nietzsche's words are just one half of a coin. He's entirely right, but just one half of a coin. He has said an important and meaningful word, but he forgets one thing, because his words are based on not meditation but sense, logic and intellect.

人類是自由的，但為了什么?如果沒(méi)有上帝而人是自由的，那只是意味著現(xiàn)在人可以干任何事，好的壞的;沒(méi)有人審判他，沒(méi)有人原諒他。這樣的自由是放肆的。

Human is free, but why? If human is free without God, it only means that people can do anything good or bad now; no one judges him, and no one forgives him. This kind of freedom is licentious.

你帶走了上帝而給人留下完全的空。當(dāng)然你宣布他的自由，但目的是什么?他將怎樣創(chuàng)造性地，負(fù)責(zé)地使用他的自由，他將如何避免讓自由成為放肆的。

You take away God and leave absolute emptiness to people. When you announce his freedom, but what's the purpose? How can he use his freedom creatively and responsibly? How can he avoid that his freedom becomes licentious.

尼采不知道靜心——那是硬幣的另一半。人類是自由的，但只有當(dāng)他是根于靜心的時(shí)候，他的自由才能成為喜悅和祝福。移走上帝——這很好，他一直是人類自由的最大危險(xiǎn)——但給予人類一些意義，一些創(chuàng)造性，一些尊敬和找到他永恒的存在的路。禪是硬幣的另一半。

Nietzsche doesn't know meditation, which is another half of the coin. Human is free, his freedom can be joy and bliss only when he is based on meditation. Move God away -it's very good because God is the biggest danger to human's freedom - but give some meaning, creativity and respect to human and the way to find his eternal existence. Zen is another half of the coin.