大學(xué)英語(yǔ)作文:六級(jí)寫(xiě)作講義--結(jié)構(gòu)篇

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本文來(lái)自新東方名師的課堂講義，名師總結(jié)了歷年四、六級(jí)考試寫(xiě)作的題型；并對(duì)文章結(jié)構(gòu)和句子結(jié)構(gòu)的寫(xiě)作進(jìn)行了闡述，現(xiàn)將其整理如下，供大家參考。希望對(duì)大家的四，六級(jí)寫(xiě)作有幫助。一、題型分類(lèi) (Classification of every essay):1、對(duì)比觀(guān)點(diǎn)話(huà)題:題型特點(diǎn)：1) 大多為三點(diǎn)提綱，提綱模式一般為：有一些人……；還有人……；我的看法或觀(guān)點(diǎn)；2) 少數(shù)時(shí)候也會(huì)出現(xiàn)兩點(diǎn)提綱的情況，此時(shí)可以補(bǔ)充成三點(diǎn)提綱來(lái)寫(xiě)作。歷年真題：2000.6； 1999.6； 1998.6； 1997.6； 1996.1；1995.6；1993.6； 1993.12、 社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)話(huà)題:題型特點(diǎn)：1) 應(yīng)該為三點(diǎn)提綱，但是通常以?xún)牲c(diǎn)提綱出現(xiàn)的題目居多，所涉及主題為當(dāng)時(shí)社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)；2) 如果是兩點(diǎn)提綱，則補(bǔ)充成三點(diǎn)提綱寫(xiě)作。3) 通常模式為：現(xiàn)象概述--細(xì)節(jié)（原因、危害、方式等）--自我評(píng)論歷年真題：2002.12； 2000.12； 2000.1； 1999.1； 1997.12； 1995.1；3、圖標(biāo)題:題型特點(diǎn)：1) 以圖表作為信息來(lái)源的寫(xiě)作模式2) 通常模式為：描述圖表--解釋原因--自我評(píng)論歷年真題：2003.6; 2000.6； 1996.6； 1992.1； 1991.64、書(shū)信題:題型特點(diǎn)：1) 寫(xiě)書(shū)信歷年真題：2001.6； 2002.1；5、諺語(yǔ)格言題:題型特點(diǎn)：1) 文章題目為一句格言或諺語(yǔ)2) 通常模式為：解釋諺語(yǔ)--舉例論證--畫(huà)龍點(diǎn)睛歷年真題：1997.1；二、文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)：一）典型的對(duì)比觀(guān)點(diǎn)文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)：(啟)Paragraph I:1) 引出將要評(píng)論的事物或者是觀(guān)點(diǎn)；2) 簡(jiǎn)明扼要的提出人們?cè)谶@個(gè)問(wèn)題上的兩種不同看法。(承)Paragraph II:1) 提出一種觀(guān)點(diǎn)或優(yōu)點(diǎn)；2) 本段的支持性分論點(diǎn)；3) 本段總結(jié)(可以省略)。(轉(zhuǎn))Paragraph III:1) 承上啟下的過(guò)渡句；2) 提出另一種觀(guān)點(diǎn)或缺點(diǎn)；3) 本段的支持性分論點(diǎn)4) 本段總(可以省略)。(合)Paragraph IV:1) 平衡兩種看法；2) 給出自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。二）圖表題文章寫(xiě)作邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)：Paragraph I:1) 描述圖表：趨勢(shì)描寫(xiě)；2) 描述圖表：必要數(shù)據(jù)支持（細(xì)節(jié)性）。Paragraph II:1) 提出自己理由和觀(guān)點(diǎn)；2) 細(xì)節(jié)性分論點(diǎn)（支持自己觀(guān)點(diǎn)）。Paragraph III:1) 預(yù)測(cè)未來(lái)和提出解決方法；2) 總結(jié)全文和表達(dá)作者自己觀(guān)點(diǎn)。圖表題文章有用的表達(dá)方式有:1) According to the graph 如圖所示，還可以說(shuō)成 As can be seen from the graph2) steep rise 陡然上升， steady decrease 緩慢下降三）書(shū)信題寫(xiě)作五點(diǎn)基本結(jié)構(gòu)開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山說(shuō)意圖咨詢(xún)建議一二三不同內(nèi)容可分段感謝客氣不可少期盼回信成老套開(kāi) 頭 段：1. 告知對(duì)方你的身份（假如對(duì)方不認(rèn)識(shí)你）1) Dear Sir/Mr. Prometheus,2) I was a student at your college, enrolled in Philosophy Department.3) I am a … at your …4) I am a … at your college, enrolled in the … course.5) My name is …, I am ….2. 問(wèn)候收信人（假如他/她是你的朋友）1) Dear Prometheus,2) Hello/Hi. How are you? / I hope everything is fine. / How are things going with you?/ How are you getting on in……?3. 解釋寫(xiě)信的原因(1). 致謝：1) I deeply appreciate your courtesy and I hope to reciprocate your favor when the opportunity arises.2) I am greatly indebted to you for (the double) you have gone to on my behalf.3) Thank you for your letter about studying in Canada.4) I am writing to you to express my heartfelt gratitude.5) I am writing to tell you how grateful I am for…….6) I would like to thank you most sincerely for…….(2). 抱怨：1) I am writing to complain about the poor service at your dining-room.2) I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with/at …3) I wish to make a complaint about…….4) I am writing to draw your attention to…….5) I am afraid I have got a complaint about…….(3). 致歉：1) I would be grateful if you would be so kind as to provide me with certain essential information regarding the following aspects.2) I am writing to you because I am unable to…….3) I am terribly sorry that…….4) I would like to express my apologies for not being able to…….(4). 詢(xún)問(wèn)：1) I would like to obtain/request/seek/inquire about some information about…2) I am writing to ask if you can do me a favor.3) I would like some detailed information on/about……結(jié) 尾 段：1. 發(fā)出請(qǐng)求1) Please give this matter your immediate attention.2) I would very much appreciate it if……as soon as possible.3) Please render me some valuable advice which is conducive to my final decision.2. 提供幫助1) I hope these ……will be helpful, and please feel free to contact me for more information.2) ……will be taking over responsibility for you and if you should need any assistance, she/he will be pleased to help you.3. 再次表示歉意或感激1) Thank you for your kind assistance.2) Please accept my heartfelt thanks and deepest gratitude, now and always.3) I am sorry that I cannot……, and trust that you will understand.4) In addition, let me apologize for any inconvenience I may have caused.www.yingyuzuowen.cn5) I shall feel obliged by a reply at your earliest convenience.6) Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.4. 期盼回信1) I look forward to your prompt response.2) Looking forward to a prompt reply.3) I expect to hear from you very soon.4) I hope to receive your reply shortly.5) I am already eagerly awaiting your reply to this first letter.各類(lèi)文章主體句式(Body)總結(jié)如下：1. 原 因 結(jié) 果例：There are probably +[many/several/three]+[resons/causes]+ for this +[dramatic/marked]+[increase/decline/change]+ in...2. 比 較 對(duì) 照例：[There is no doubt that/Obviously,]+ it has [its/both]+[drawbacks/disadvantages/negative effects]+[as well as/and]+[merits/advantages/positive effects]...3. 例 證例：We may +[cite/quote/mention/take/point out]+[a single/a common/another]+ example of...4. 事 實(shí)例：No one can +[deny/doubt/ignor/overlook]+ the +[bare/hard/essential/profound]+ fact that...5. 數(shù) 據(jù) 調(diào) 查例：A +[recent/new/nationwide]+[study/survey/poll/investigation]+[conducted/taken]+[at a factory/by officials]...6. 權(quán) 威（專(zhuān) 家）例：As one +[scientist/writer/doctor/psychologist]+[wrote/commented/pointed out/noted], ...7. 分 析例：It seems +[quite/almost]+[(un)likely/(im)possible/(in)credible/(in)conceivable]+ that...文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)框架搭建好，再填入精煉的句子和優(yōu)美的詞匯表達(dá)，相信你一定會(huì)寫(xiě)出優(yōu)美的文章！贏(yíng)得高分！