異類之不一樣的成功啟示錄 第71期:起跑線上的懸殊

As it turns out, Alex Williams is black and Katie Brindle is white.

亞歷克斯·威廉斯是黑人而卡蒂·布琳德爾是白人。

Alex has those skills because over the course of his young life, his mother and father, in the manner of educated families, have painstakingly taught them to him,

這是因為優(yōu)勢。亞歷克斯之所以有這些技能，是因為在他年輕的生命中，他的父親和母親——以富有教養(yǎng)的家庭的一貫作風——頗費心機地把自己身上曾受過的教育方法用在孩子身上，

nudging, and prodding and encouraging and showing him the rules of the game, right down to that rehearsal in the car on the way to the doctor's office.

向他展示游戲的規(guī)則，不斷提醒他、刺激他、激勵他，即便是駕車去看醫(yī)生的路上，也沒忘記來一場逼真的小預演。

When we talk about the advantages of class, Lareau argues, this is in large part what we mean.

拉里奧認為，我們所說的階層優(yōu)勢事實上包含很多方面。

Alex Williams is better off than Katie Brindle because he's wealthier and because he goes to better school,

亞歷克斯·威廉斯的境遇好于卡蒂·布琳德爾，是因為他生活在富有的家庭，因為他在一所較好的學校念書，

but also, and perhaps, even more critically, because the sense of entitlement that he has been taught is an attitude perfectly suited to succeeding in the modern world.

另一個原因,并且這可能是最為重要的原因——是因為他接受到了權利觀念的教育，這種意識是一個人在現(xiàn)代社會取得成功必不可少的因素。

This is the advantage that Oppenheimer had over Christ Langan.

這就是奧本海默擁有但克里斯·蘭根缺乏的優(yōu)勢。

He was raised in one of the wealthiest neighborhoods in Manhattan, the son of an artist and a successful garment manufacturer.

奧本海默是一位藝術家和一位成功的外衣制造商的兒子，他自小生長在鄰近曼哈頓的一個最富有的地區(qū)。

His childhood was the embodiment of concerted cultivation.

孩童時候的奧本海默完全屬于協(xié)同培養(yǎng)。

On weekends, the Oppenheimers will go driving in the countryside in a chauffeur-driven Packard.

一到周末，便有專人駕駛帕克汽車把奧本海默送到郊區(qū);

Summers he wiould be taken to Europe to see his grandfather.

夏天，他會到歐洲探望他的祖父。

He attended the Ethical Culture Shool on Central Park West, perhaps the most progressive school in the nation, where, his biographers write, students were "infused with the notion that they have been groomed to reform the world."

他進入了位于中央公園西部路的道德文化學校，這也許是美國最進步的學校，正如奧本海默的傳記里面說的，這里的學生“被不斷灌輸自己是為改善世界而生的觀念”。

When his math teacher realized he was bored, she sent him off to do independent work.

當奧本海默的數(shù)學老師終于厭倦了奧本海默的糾纏時，她就讓奧本海默自己去琢磨問題。

As a child, Oppenheimer's great passion was rock collecting.

還在孩童時期，奧本海默就非常喜好收集巖石。

At the age of twelve, he began corresponding with local geologists about rock formations he had seen in Central Park.

12歲那年，他嘗試和當?shù)氐牡刭|(zhì)學家通信，討論在中央公園看到的那些巖石的構成，

And he soon impressed them, they invited him to give a lecture before the New York Mineralogical Club.

這給地質(zhì)學家們留下了深刻的印象，他們邀請奧本海默到紐約礦物學俱樂部發(fā)表演說。

As Sherwin and Bird write, Oppenheimer's parents responded to their son's hobby in an almost textbook example of concerted cultivation.

根據(jù)舍溫和博德的記錄，奧本海默的父母對他們兒子這個業(yè)余愛好的反應完全可以寫入?yún)f(xié)同培養(yǎng)經(jīng)典教材的案例：