英語聽力小短文走遍全世界28:環(huán)境運動的勇士

英語聽力原文：

Wilma Subra had no intention of becoming a public speaker. After graduating from college with degress in chemistry and microbiology, she went to work at Gulf South Research Institute in Louisiana.

威爾瑪·蘇夫拉原來沒有想過要成為一名公共演說家。她大學(xué)畢業(yè)拿到了化學(xué)和微生物學(xué)學(xué)位后，就職于路易斯安那州南海灣研究所。

As part of her job, she conducted field research on toxic substances in the environment, often in minority communities located near large industrial pollutrs. She found many families were being exposed to high, sometimes deadly levels of chemicals and other toxic substances. But she was not allowed to make her information public.

作為工作職責(zé)的一部分，她從事環(huán)境有害物質(zhì)方面的土地研究，調(diào)研地區(qū)經(jīng)常是大型工業(yè)污染源附近的少數(shù)族裔社區(qū)。她發(fā)現(xiàn)許多家庭暴露于高度的，甚至是致命的化學(xué)物和其他有害物質(zhì)中。但是她無權(quán)將她的信息公之于眾。

Frustrated by these restrictions, Subra left her job in 1981, created her own company and has devoted the past two decades to helping people fight back against giant industrial polluters. She works with families and community groups to conduct environmental tests and hybrid test results, and organize for change.

受困于這些制約，蘇夫拉在1981年離開了她的工作，創(chuàng)立了自己的公司，并且在過去的20年中幫助人們與大型工業(yè)污染源抗?fàn)?。她與居民家庭和社區(qū)團體一起努力進行環(huán)境測試，混合測試結(jié)果，組織活動以改變環(huán)境。

Because of her efforts, dozens of toxic sites across the counry have been cleaned up. And one chemical industry spokesperson calls her "a top gun" for the environmental movement.

因為她的努力，遍及全國的大量有害地區(qū)被清理干凈了。一家化工企業(yè)的發(fā)言人稱她是環(huán)境運動的“勇士”。

How has Subra achieved all this? Partly through her scientific training, partly through her commitment to environmental justice. But just as important is her ability to communicate with people through public speaking. "Public speaking," she says, "is the primary vehicle I use for reaching people."

蘇夫拉是怎樣做到這一切的呢?部分原因是她科學(xué)的訓(xùn)練，部分是因為她追求環(huán)境公平的奉獻(xiàn)精神。但是，同樣重要的原因還有她借助公共演說與他人交流的能力。“公共演說，”她談到，“是我與人們溝通的主要工具。”

If you had asked Subra before 1981, do you see yourself as a major public speaker? She would have laughed at the idea. Yet today she gives more than one hundred presentations a year. Along the way, she's lectured at Harvard, testified before congress, and addressed audiences in 40 states, as well as in Mexico, Canada, and Japan.

如果在1981年之前，我問蘇夫拉，你認(rèn)為自己是一位重要的公共演說家嗎?她可能會對此一笑置之。然而，在今天，她每年要進行100多場演講。她一直堅持這條路，她在哈佛大學(xué)發(fā)表演說，在國會發(fā)表聲明，向來自于美國40個州，以及墨西哥、加拿大和日本的觀眾進行演說。

英語詞匯整理：

1. microbiology n. 微生物學(xué)

eg: His work advanced the science of microbiology.

他的工作促進了微生物學(xué)這門科學(xué)。

短語：

medical microbiology 醫(yī)學(xué)微生物學(xué)

food microbiology 食品微生物學(xué)

environmental microbiology 環(huán)境微生物學(xué)

2. minority n. 少數(shù)

eg: Only a minority of British households do (does) not have a car.

英國只有少數(shù)家庭沒有汽車。

短語：

ethnic minority = minority nationality = national minority 少數(shù)民族

be in a minority of one 得不到任何人的支持

be in a minority = be in the minority 占少數(shù)

3. polluter n. 污染源，污染者

eg: The steel mill is the city's major polluter.

這個鋼廠是這個城市主要的污染者。

短語：

polluter pays principle 污染者付費原則

T Polluter 另類搖滾

4. be exposed to 暴露于

eg: This liquid is not to be exposed to air, for it will soon evaporate.

這種夜體不可暴露在空氣中，因為它會很快蒸發(fā)掉。

短語：

be fully exposed to 完全暴露于

be exposed to view 看得見;暴露

5. frustrate v. 挫敗

eg: This is the place that we frustrate enemy.

這是我們挫敗敵人的地方。

短語：

frustrate at 對……感到沮喪

frustrate sb's plan 破壞某人的計劃

frustrate in (使某人)在……方面失敗

frustrate out 使……無法實現(xiàn)

6. restriction n. 限制，約束

eg: There are currency restrictions on the sums allowed for foreign travel.

到國外旅行允許攜帶的款額有所限制。

短語：

restriction factor 制約因素

credit restriction 信用限額

trade restriction貿(mào)易限制

7. fight back against 與......斗爭

eg: It is time to fight back against street crime.

現(xiàn)在是打擊街頭犯罪行為的時候了。

相關(guān)短語：

make a fight of it 奮力抵抗

fight or flight 或進或退

ight off 抵抗，擊退

8. giant adj. 巨人般的;巨大的

eg: That is one small step for a man, but one giant leap for mankind.

對于個人來說那是小小的一步,但對于整個人類來說卻是一次巨大的飛越。

短語：

giant panda 大熊貓

giant planet 巨行星

giant star 巨星

9. conduct v.實施;處理;經(jīng)營，管理

eg: They hired agents to conduct their company.

他們雇請代理人來管理他們的公司。

短語:

infamous conduct 違反職業(yè)道德的行為

conduct out 趕走;驅(qū)逐

conduct to (into) 領(lǐng)著(某人)到……

conduct like 表現(xiàn)得像……

conduct sb into 領(lǐng)某人去

conduct sb over... 引導(dǎo)某人參觀……

conduct sb through 領(lǐng)某人去……

under the conduct of sb 在某人引導(dǎo)下

conduct for… 行為

conduct toward 對……的行為

10. hybrid n.混血兒，雜種，混合物

eg: She is a hybrid of the African and the Chinese.

她是中非混血兒。

短語：

hybrid rice 雜交稻;雜種稻

hybrid technology 混合技術(shù)

hybrid network 混合網(wǎng)絡(luò)

11. commitment n. 承諾，保證，確定

eg: We made a commitment to keep working together.

我們作了承諾要繼續(xù)在一起工作。

短語：

organizational commitment 組織承諾;組織認(rèn)同感

professional commitment 專業(yè)承諾

make a commitment 承諾

12. presentation n. 陳述

eg: I was asked to give a short presentation on the aims of the plan.

他們要求我就這計劃的目的作一個簡短的陳述。

短語：

at presentation 呈示即付

give a presentation of 對……作陳述

presentation of document 提交單據(jù)

oral presentation 口頭報告;口頭陳述;口頭演講

佳句采摘：

How has Subra achieved all this? Partly through her scientific training, partly through her commitment to environmental justice. But just as important is her ability to communicate with people through public speaking.

蘇夫拉是怎樣做到這一切的呢?部分原因是她科學(xué)的訓(xùn)練，部分是因為她追求環(huán)境公平的奉獻(xiàn)精神。但是，同樣重要的原因還有她借助公共演說與他人交流的能力。