英語聽力小短文走遍全世界24: 新女性，新語言

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英語聽力原文：

The use of deferential(敬重的)language is symbolic of the Confucian ideal of the woman, which domiantes conservative gender norms in Japan. This ideal presents a woman who withdraws quietly to the background, subordinating her life and needs to those of her family and its male head. She is a dutiful daughter, wife, and mother, master of the domestic arts.

敬語的使用是儒家理想婦女的標(biāo)志，它統(tǒng)治著日本保守的性別準(zhǔn)則。這種理想表現(xiàn)為婦女安靜地退居幕后，將自己的生活和需要屈從于家庭和男性主人的需要。她是有義務(wù)的女兒，是妻子和母親、家務(wù)藝術(shù)的大師。

The typical refined Japanese woman excels in modesty and delicacy; she "treads softly(謹(jǐn)言慎行) in the world," elevating feminine beauty and grace to an art form.

典型的優(yōu)雅日本婦女在謙遜和精巧上非常優(yōu)秀，她們“謹(jǐn)言慎行”，把婦女的美麗與優(yōu)雅提升到了藝術(shù)的層面。

Nowadays, it is commonly observed that young women are not conforming to the feminine linguistic(語言的) ideal. They are using fewer of the very deferential "women's" forms, and even using the few strong forms that are known as "men's." This, of course, attracts considerable attention and has led to an outcry in the Japanese media against the defeminization of women's language.

現(xiàn)在，年輕婦女不再遵從婦女語言的理想已經(jīng)是普遍現(xiàn)象了。她們更少使用非常恭順的女性用語，甚至使用少量強(qiáng)硬的男性用語。當(dāng)然，這吸引了廣泛的注意，并引起了日本媒體對婦女語言的非女性化傾向的疾呼。

The facat that young Japanese women are using less deferential language is a sure sign of change — of social change and of linguistic change. But it is most certainly not a sign of the "masculization" of girls. In some instances, it may be a sign that girls are making the same claim to authority as boys and men, but that is very different from saying that they are trying to be "masculine."

年輕日本女性使用越來越少的敬語毫無疑問是社會變化和語言變化的標(biāo)志。但是幾乎可以肯定的是，它不是女孩子男性化的標(biāo)志。在某些例子中，這是女性要求得到和男性一樣的權(quán)威的標(biāo)志，但是這和說她們嘗試男性化大不相同。

Katsue Reynolds has argued that girls nowadays are using more assertive language in order to be able to compete with boys in schools and out. Social change also brings not simply different positions for women and girls, but different relations to life stages, and adolescent girls are participating in new subcultural forms. Thus what may, to an older speaker, seem like "masculine" speech may seem to an adolescent like "liberated" or "hip" speech.

勝家·雷諾茲認(rèn)為女性現(xiàn)在使用更為肯定的語言是為了在學(xué)校和社會中和男性進(jìn)行競爭。同樣，社會變化帶給婦女的不單是不同的社會位置，還包括生命階段的不同關(guān)系，少女還參與到嶄新的亞文化形式中去。所以這些對于年長者來說看似“男性化”用語，對青少年來說就像是解放宣言。

英語詞匯整理：

1. symbolic adj. 象征的;符號的

eg: But how do you find a fossil of a symbolic thought?

但你如何找到一塊象征性思維的化石呢?

短語：

symbolic logic 符號邏輯

symbolic expression 符號表達(dá)式

symbolic language 象征性的語言

symbolic code 符號代碼

symbolic name 符號名稱

2. conservative adj. 保守的

eg：People tend to be more liberal when they're young and more conservative as they get older.

人們在年輕時常常更開放，年紀(jì)越大就越保守。

短語：

conservative partyn 保守黨

conservative estimate 審慎估計

conservative government 保守政權(quán)

3. subordinating adj. 從屬的

eg: Individual rights are the means of subordinating society to moral law.

個人權(quán)利是使社會服從道德法則的手段。

短語：

subordinating conjunctions 從屬連詞

subordinating relation 從屬關(guān)系

subordinating conjunction 從屬連詞

subordinating words 運用從屬連接語詞

subordinating language 從屬連詞

4. domestic adj. 國內(nèi)的;家庭的

eg: The film turns about a domestic tragedy.

這部影片主要講述一個家庭悲劇。

短語：

domestic market 國內(nèi)市場

gross domestic product (gdp) 國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值

gross domestic product (GDP) 國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值

domestic trade 國內(nèi)貿(mào)易

5. feminine adj. 女性的

eg: There are few feminine members of the committee.

該委員會的女性成員極少。

短語：

feminine beauty 女性美

feminine signs 陰性星座

6. deferential adj. 恭敬的;慣于順從的

eg: He is deferential to his superiors.

他對他的長官是恭敬的。

短語：

deferential to 尊重......

deferential treatment 禮遇

佳句采摘：

Nowadays, it is commonly observed that young women are not conforming to the feminine linguistic(語言的)ideal.

現(xiàn)在，年輕婦女不再遵從婦女語言的理想已經(jīng)是普遍現(xiàn)象了。