百科知識(shí)視頻之煎蛋小學(xué)堂81 早起的鳥兒VS夜貓子

You may have heard the saying "the early bird gets the worm",but when it comes to humans,do morning people really have an advantage over right owls?Does one come out on top as more intelligent or successful than the other in this battle over bed time? The somewhat surprising truth is that we have little say in sleep preference as it's almost entirely genetically pre-determined.

你可能聽過(guò)“早起的鳥兒有蟲吃”，而至于人類，起早的真比夜貓子好嗎?就起床時(shí)間而言 一類人真的會(huì)比另一類更成功嗎?說(shuō)實(shí)話 睡眠傾向方面我們沒啥好說(shuō)的，因?yàn)檫@大多是由基因決定的。

Chances are,if you're a night owl,it was likely passed down from an ancestor who was also a night owl.And from an evolutionary perspective.it makes sense;having individuals with varying sleeping patterns would allow for better protection of a group throughout day and right.Instead of everybody sleeping at one time,some people naturally stay up later,and some wake up earlier,aware of threats or predators while other sleep.

很可能一只夜貓子，只是另一只夜貓子的后代而已。從進(jìn)化的角度而言 這也不無(wú)道理;人群睡眠規(guī)律不同 有助于更好地全天候保護(hù)這個(gè)群體。并非所有人都會(huì)同時(shí)入睡 一些人熬得晚些，一些人醒得早 并在他人睡覺時(shí)留心威脅和捕食者。

But considering most modern societal activities happen between 9am-5pm,it may seem clear that night owls are put at a disadvantage.And researchers have actually coined the term "social jet lag"to describe the sleep deprivation many experience to accommodate social norms.

不過(guò) 介于大多現(xiàn)代社會(huì)活動(dòng)都在上午9點(diǎn)到下午5點(diǎn)間，顯然 夜貓子們略遜一籌。研究者們借“社交時(shí)差”一詞，來(lái)描述人們?yōu)檫m應(yīng)社會(huì)規(guī)范而產(chǎn)生的睡眠缺乏。

For night owls,this social jet lag feels like living in a different time zone every single day.Considering chronic sleep deprivation has a direct effect on brain functioning,it's no surprise that studies report night owl university students have lower overall grades.

夜貓子們的“社交時(shí)差”就象每天住在一個(gè)不同的時(shí)區(qū)。慢性睡眠剝奪對(duì)大腦也有直接影響，無(wú)怪有研究表明 大學(xué)夜貓子們的績(jī)點(diǎn)更低。

Not to mention early birds tend to display more positive social traits such as being proactive and optimistic,and are less prone to depression or addictions to nicotine,alcohol and food.And we can see these traits represented physically in the brain,particularly the white matter which helps neurons communicate.Night owls exhibit significantly less white matter and,as a result,there are fewer pathways for feel good hormones such as serotonin or dopamine to travel through.

更不用說(shuō)早起的人積極社交特征更多 比如 更積極 更樂觀 不易焦慮，或是沉迷于納尼克丁 酒精或食物。這些特征在大腦內(nèi)也有體現(xiàn)，在促進(jìn)神經(jīng)交流的白質(zhì)中尤為明顯。夜貓子的白質(zhì)要少得多，因此 感覺好好荷爾蒙 如血清素和多巴胺 可穿行的通路更少。

But it's not all bad for the late nighters.In fact,they tend to be much more creative,have been found to have higher cognitive abilities.and are known to be risk takers.What they lack in white matter,they make up in cortisol levels.

不過(guò) 夜貓子們也并非罪該萬(wàn)死。其實(shí) 他們更有創(chuàng)造力，認(rèn)知能力更強(qiáng)，更傾向于冒險(xiǎn)。高水平的皮質(zhì)醇也彌補(bǔ)了他們白質(zhì)的缺陷。

This stress hormone"gets your body ready to face an immediate threat,contributing to their risk taking behaviour,which studies show can translate into opportunities and potentially more financial gain.Furthermore,even though morning people can be very energetic right after waking,they tend to lose steam faster than night owls throughout the day.

這種“壓力荷爾蒙”讓你隨時(shí)準(zhǔn)備應(yīng)對(duì)威脅，使他們更愛冒險(xiǎn) 研究也表明他們更易抓住機(jī)會(huì) 掙得更多。此外 盡管早起鳥起床后精神飽滿，他們一天內(nèi)精力下降的更快。

Both sides perform eually well in reaction-time tests an hour after waking,but after 10 hours of being awake,night owls perform significantly better.Your inner clock is regulated by many proteins which are created from various genes in your DNA.Studies have even shown that a single change of the genetic code,near a gene called Period 1,can result in an hour difference in your waking time.

在剛睡醒后 雙方在反應(yīng)時(shí)間比較上勢(shì)均力敵，但起床10小時(shí)后 夜貓子的表現(xiàn)要好得多。你的生物鐘由體內(nèi)多種基因創(chuàng)造出的蛋白質(zhì)共同管理。研究甚至表明Period 1 基因附近，一個(gè)基因序列變化會(huì)使你起床時(shí)間改變1小時(shí)。

As crazy as it seems,scientists also found a correlation between these same genes and your time of death.The early risers were more likely to die around 11am,while the night owls were more likely to die before 6pm.What about teenagers,you say?It's true most tend to be night owls due to the hormonal changes during puberty,but this tends to wane out into your genetic default as you enter adulthood.

瘋狂的是 科學(xué)家也找到了這些基因與你死亡時(shí)間的關(guān)系。早起的鳥兒更可能在上午11時(shí)左右過(guò)世，夜貓子更多在晚上6點(diǎn)前。那年輕人呢 的確 青春期的荷爾蒙變化造就了無(wú)數(shù)夜貓子，不過(guò) 成年后基因再度決定了一切。

So while there may be some truth to early birds getting the worm,night owls aren't exactly lagging behind in life.They're just lagging behind in time!

因此 盡管早起鳥兒有蟲吃有一定的道理，夜貓子并未淪落為人生輸家。他們只是慢了半拍而已!