百科知識視頻之煎蛋小學堂23 我們的大腦會被黑嗎？

We all feel in control of our actions and thoughts,It's what defines us,But as biology and technology begin to intertwine,the question remains:Could your brain be hacked?

我們似乎都能控制自己的思想與行為，這定義了我們自身。而當生物和科技糾纏進來時 問題來了：你的大腦會被黑嗎?

The truth is,the brain is an electrical device,And because of this,we can interface it to our own electronic devices,In fact,hundreds of thousands of people are already taking advantage of this with cochlear implants,a type of hearing aid which make sound in the brain through electrical impulses,However,electricity isn't exactly precise.

大腦其實是個電氣設備。正因此 我們可以把它接到自己的電子設備上?，F(xiàn)在 數十萬人已經得益于此，通過電子耳蝸 這是一種助聽器，通過電沖動讓人產生聽覺。但是 電信號并不特別精確。

It ends up spreading signals across many neurons in the brain,And in the case of hearing,this can make the signal muddy or blurry.To solve this problem,researchers have found a way to use light,which you can aim and it's much more precise to stimulate the desire parts of the brain.And it's this light that may be the key to very specific control over the brain.

最后 信號會波及腦內許多神經元。而在聽覺方面 這會讓信號變模糊。為了解決這個問題 研究者找到了一種利用光的方式，瞄準一點的方式在刺激大腦特定部分上更精確，光也可能成為精確控制大腦的秘訣。

But first,these cells must somehow learn how to use light as an input source.As crazy as it might seem a harmless none reproducing virus is used to insert genes in the desired neurons or brain cells.These genes are taken from other organisms that use light to survive such as algae.

但首先 這些細胞得知道怎么利用光作為輸入源。這聽上去有點瘋狂 不可復制的無害病毒被用來，來向目標神經元或腦細胞中插入基因。這些基因來自于需光生存的有機體 如藻類。

Surprisingly,we use the same genetic and cellular mechanisms as them,So if you take DNA from one and insert it in another.it still works,These genes encode for proteins that allow the neuron or brain cell to act as a solar cell.As a result,they react to incoming light and convert it to electronic signal,while cells without the new DNA remain unreacitive,All we need now is an optical source to shine light on these neurons.when we want them activated.

驚人的是 人類與其基因與細胞機理相同。因此 如果你將一者的DNA移植到另一者后，它還能用。這些基因可編組出使神經或者腦細胞 充當太陽能電池的蛋白質。最終 它們對射入光線產生反應 將其轉變成電信號 而無新DNA的細胞仍不反應。我們缺的只是能在需要它們被激發(fā)時 照亮它們的光源。

Create the set up within the reward system of the brain,and you could make someone happy with the push of a button,Stick it into the motor cortex and yu could control parts of movement.And this is exactly what scientists have done.This mouse has fiber optic cables wired into its right motor cortex,which controls movement to the left.

將裝置按在大腦的獎賞系統(tǒng)內，你就能在一鍵之下讓別人開心起來。把它安在運動皮質上 你就能操縱一部分的動作?？茖W家已經做到了這點。這只老鼠的右側運動皮質被接入了光纜。它控制著老鼠左側的運動。

As soon as the light is shot into its altered solar panel neurons,it cannot help but run to the left,Its thoughts and actions have been hacked.So,what happens when we begin to stick technology into our brains?On the one hand,it may open the doors to managing physically debilitating diseases,personality disorders or even conditions such as depression.Turn on or off the necessary cells,and wall up.

當其太陽能神經元受到光照時，它會不由自主地向左跑。它的思想和動作被“黑”了。那么 當我們開始用科技武裝大腦時會發(fā)生什么?一方面 它將打開治療軀體衰竭性疾病，人格障礙甚至抑郁等癥狀的大門。打開或關閉必要的細胞 堵住它們。

Heck,the average person maybe able to integrate this technology in order to augment their vision.or play video games in their mind,And as we began to understand the intricacies of our brain,which region specifically control which actions and thoughts,this technology will bear even more significance.

另外 常人也可能借助這種科技來增強視覺能力，或者在腦海中玩游戲。同時 當我們開始理解大腦之錯綜復雜時，哪個區(qū)域控制那種行為或思想，這項科技的影響力將更深遠。

However,the ethical concerns and risks look quietly around the corner,So,knowing that your brain could be hacked,would you want this technology in your brain?